Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture High-Performance Design Handbook

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Date 10/04/2021
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. Intel® Hyperflex™ FPGA Architecture Introduction 2. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture RTL Design Guidelines 3. Compiling Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture Designs 4. Design Example Walk-Through 5. Retiming Restrictions and Workarounds 6. Optimization Example 7. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture Porting Guidelines 8. Appendices 9. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture High-Performance Design Handbook Archive 10. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture High-Performance Design Handbook Revision History
1. Intel® Hyperflex™ FPGA Architecture Introduction x
1.1. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture Design Concepts
2. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture RTL Design Guidelines x
2.1. High-Speed Design Methodology 2.2. Hyper-Retiming (Facilitate Register Movement) 2.3. Hyper-Pipelining (Add Pipeline Registers) 2.4. Hyper-Optimization (Optimize RTL)
2.1. High-Speed Design Methodology x
2.1.1. Set a High-Speed Target 2.1.2. Experiment and Iterate 2.1.3. Compile Components Independently 2.1.4. Optimize Sub-Modules 2.1.5. Avoid Broadcast Signals
2.1.1. Set a High-Speed Target x
2.1.1.1. Speed and Timing Closure 2.1.1.2. Speed and Latency
2.2. Hyper-Retiming (Facilitate Register Movement) x
2.2.1. Reset Strategies 2.2.2. Clock Enable Strategies 2.2.3. Preserving Registers During Synthesis 2.2.4. Timing Constraint Considerations 2.2.5. Clock Synchronization Strategies 2.2.6. Metastability Synchronizers 2.2.7. Initial Power-Up Conditions 2.2.8. Retiming through RAMs and DSPs
2.2.1. Reset Strategies x
2.2.1.1. Removing Asynchronous Resets 2.2.1.2. Synchronous Resets on Global Clock Trees 2.2.1.3. Synchronous Resets on I/O Ports 2.2.1.4. Duplicate and Pipeline Synchronous Resets
2.2.2. Clock Enable Strategies x
2.2.2.1. Localized Clock Enable 2.2.2.2. High Fan-Out Clock Enable 2.2.2.3. Clock Enable with Timing Exceptions
2.2.4. Timing Constraint Considerations x
2.2.4.1. Optimize Multicycle Paths 2.2.4.2. Overconstraints
2.2.5. Clock Synchronization Strategies x
2.2.5.1. Clock Domain Crossing Constraint Guidelines
2.2.7. Initial Power-Up Conditions x
2.2.7.1. Specifying Initial Memory Conditions 2.2.7.2. Initial Conditions and Retiming 2.2.7.3. Initial Conditions and Hyper-Registers 2.2.7.4. Retiming Reset Sequences
2.2.7.3. Initial Conditions and Hyper-Registers x
2.2.7.3.1. Implementing Clock Gating 2.2.7.3.2. Intel® Quartus® Prime Settings for Initial Conditions
2.3. Hyper-Pipelining (Add Pipeline Registers) x
2.3.1. Conventional Versus Hyper-Pipelining 2.3.2. Pipelining and Latency 2.3.3. Use Registers Instead of Multicycle Exceptions
2.3.2. Pipelining and Latency x
2.3.2.1. Pipelining at Variable Latency Locations 2.3.2.2. Automatic Pipeline Insertion
2.3.2.1. Pipelining at Variable Latency Locations x
2.3.2.1.1. Specifying a Latency-Insensitive False Path
2.3.2.2. Automatic Pipeline Insertion x
2.3.2.2.1. Step 1: Create the Variable Latency Module 2.3.2.2.2. Step 2: Instantiate the Variable Latency Module 2.3.2.2.3. Step 3: Verify Automatic Pipeline Insertion Option 2.3.2.2.4. (Optional) Auto-Pipeline Insertion without a Variable Latency Module
2.4. Hyper-Optimization (Optimize RTL) x
2.4.1. General Optimization Techniques 2.4.2. Optimizing Specific Design Structures
2.4.1. General Optimization Techniques x
2.4.1.1. Shannon’s Decomposition 2.4.1.2. Time Domain Multiplexing 2.4.1.3. Loop Unrolling 2.4.1.4. Loop Pipelining 2.4.1.5. Precomputation
2.4.1.1. Shannon’s Decomposition x
2.4.1.1.1. Shannon’s Decomposition Example 2.4.1.1.2. Identifying Circuits for Shannon’s Decomposition
2.4.1.4. Loop Pipelining x
2.4.1.4.1. Loop Pipelining Theory 2.4.1.4.2. Loop Pipelining Demonstration 2.4.1.4.3. Loop Pipelining and Synthesis Optimization
2.4.2. Optimizing Specific Design Structures x
2.4.2.1. High-Speed Clock Domains 2.4.2.2. Restructuring Loops 2.4.2.3. Control Signal Backpressure 2.4.2.4. Flow Control with FIFO Status Signals 2.4.2.5. Flow Control with Skid Buffers 2.4.2.6. Read-Modify-Write Memory 2.4.2.7. Counters and Accumulators 2.4.2.8. State Machines 2.4.2.9. Memory 2.4.2.10. DSP Blocks 2.4.2.11. General Logic 2.4.2.12. Modulus and Division 2.4.2.13. Resets 2.4.2.14. Hardware Re-use 2.4.2.15. Algorithmic Requirements 2.4.2.16. FIFOs 2.4.2.17. Ternary Adders
2.4.2.1. High-Speed Clock Domains x
2.4.2.1.1. Visualizing Clock Networks 2.4.2.1.2. Viewing Clock Networks in the Fitter Report 2.4.2.1.3. Viewing Clocks in the Timing Analyzer
2.4.2.9. Memory x
2.4.2.9.1. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture True Dual-Port Memory 2.4.2.9.2. Use Simple Dual-Port Memories 2.4.2.9.3. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture Simple Dual-Port Memory Example 2.4.2.9.4. Memory Mixed Port Width Ratio Limits 2.4.2.9.5. Unregistered RAM Outputs
3. Compiling Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture Designs x
3.1. Compiling Submodules Independently 3.2. Design Assistant Design Rule Checking
3.2. Design Assistant Design Rule Checking x
3.2.1. Running Design Assistant During Compilation 3.2.2. Running Design Assistant in Analysis Mode
3.2.2. Running Design Assistant in Analysis Mode x
3.2.2.1. Cross-Probing from Design Assistant to Visualization Tools 3.2.2.2. Launching Design Assistant from Chip Planner 3.2.2.3. Launching Design Assistant from Timing Analyzer
4. Design Example Walk-Through x
4.1. Median Filter Design Example
4.1. Median Filter Design Example x
4.1.1. Step 1: Compile the Base Design 4.1.2. Step 2: Add Pipeline Stages and Remove Asynchronous Resets 4.1.3. Step 3: Add More Pipeline Stages and Remove All Asynchronous Resets 4.1.4. Step 4: Optimize Short Path and Long Path Conditions
5. Retiming Restrictions and Workarounds x
5.1. Setting the dont_merge Synthesis Attribute 5.2. Interpreting Critical Chain Reports
5.2. Interpreting Critical Chain Reports x
5.2.1. Insufficient Registers 5.2.2. Short Path/Long Path 5.2.3. Fast Forward Limit 5.2.4. Loops 5.2.5. One Critical Chain per Clock Domain 5.2.6. Critical Chains in Related Clock Groups 5.2.7. Complex Critical Chains 5.2.8. Extend to locatable node 5.2.9. Domain Boundary Entry and Domain Boundary Exit 5.2.10. Critical Chains with Dual Clock Memories 5.2.11. Critical Chain Bits and Buses 5.2.12. Delay Lines
5.2.1. Insufficient Registers x
5.2.1.1. Insufficient Registers Example 5.2.1.2. Optimizing Insufficient Registers 5.2.1.3. Critical Chains with Dual Clock Memories
5.2.2. Short Path/Long Path x
5.2.2.1. Hyper-Register Locations Not Available 5.2.2.2. Example for Hold Optimization 5.2.2.3. Optimizing Short Path/Long Path 5.2.2.4. Add Registers 5.2.2.5. Duplicate Common Nodes 5.2.2.6. Data and Control Plane
5.2.3. Fast Forward Limit x
5.2.3.1. Optimizing Path Limit
5.2.4. Loops x
5.2.4.1. Example of Loops Limiting the Critical Chain
6. Optimization Example x
6.1. Round Robin Scheduler
7. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture Porting Guidelines x
7.1. Design Migration and Performance Exploration 7.2. Top-Level Design Considerations
7.1. Design Migration and Performance Exploration x
7.1.1. Black-boxing Verilog HDL Modules 7.1.2. Black-boxing VHDL Modules 7.1.3. Clock Management 7.1.4. Pin Assignments 7.1.5. Transceiver Control Logic 7.1.6. Upgrade Outdated IP Cores
8. Appendices x
8.1. Appendix A: Parameterizable Pipeline Modules 8.2. Appendix B: Clock Enables and Resets
8.2. Appendix B: Clock Enables and Resets x
8.2.1. Synchronous Resets and Limitations 8.2.2. Retiming with Clock Enables 8.2.3. Resolving Short Paths
8.2.1. Synchronous Resets and Limitations x
8.2.1.1. Synchronous Resets Summary
8.2.2. Retiming with Clock Enables x
8.2.2.1. Example for Broadcast Control Signals
1. Intel® Hyperflex™ FPGA Architecture Introduction
2. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture RTL Design Guidelines
3. Compiling Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture Designs
4. Design Example Walk-Through
5. Retiming Restrictions and Workarounds
6. Optimization Example
7. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture Porting Guidelines
8. Appendices
9. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture High-Performance Design Handbook Archive
10. Intel® Hyperflex™ Architecture High-Performance Design Handbook Revision History

8.1. Appendix A: Parameterizable Pipeline Modules

The following examples show parameterizable pipeline modules in Verilog HDL, SystemVerilog, and VHDL. Use these code blocks at top-level I/Os and clock domain boundaries to change the latency of your circuit.

Parameterizable Hyper-Pipelining Verilog HDL Module

(* altera_attribute = "-name AUTO_SHIFT_REGISTER_RECOGNITION off" *) 
module hyperpipe 
#(parameter CYCLES = 1, parameter WIDTH = 1) 
(
    input clk,
    input [WIDTH-1:0] din,
    output [WIDTH-1:0] dout
);

    generate if (CYCLES==0) begin : GEN_COMB_INPUT
        assign dout = din;
    end 
    else begin : GEN_REG_INPUT  
        integer i;
        reg [WIDTH-1:0] R_data [CYCLES-1:0];
        
        always @ (posedge clk) 
        begin   
            R_data[0] <= din;      
            for(i = 1; i < CYCLES; i = i + 1) 
            	R_data[i] <= R_data[i-1];
        end
        assign dout = R_data[CYCLES-1];
    end
    endgenerate  

endmodule

Parameterizable Hyper-Pipelining Verilog HDL Instance

hyperpipe # (
        .CYCLES  ( ),
        .WIDTH   ( )
    ) hp (
        .clk      ( ),
        .din      ( ),
        .dout     ( )
    );

Parameterizable Hyper-Pipelining SystemVerilog Module

(* altera_attribute = "-name AUTO_SHIFT_REGISTER_RECOGNITION off" *) 
module hyperpipe 
    #(parameter int
        CYCLES = 1,
        PACKED_WIDTH = 1,
        UNPACKED_WIDTH = 1
) 
(
    input clk,
    input [PACKED_WIDTH-1:0] din [UNPACKED_WIDTH-1:0],
    output [PACKED_WIDTH-1:0] dout [UNPACKED_WIDTH-1:0]
);

    generate if (CYCLES == 0) begin : GEN_COMB_INPUT
        assign dout = din;
    end
    else begin : GEN_REG_INPUT
        integer i;
        reg [PACKED_WIDTH-1:0] R_data [CYCLES-1:0][UNPACKED_WIDTH-1:0];
          
        always_ff@(posedge clk) 
        begin
            R_data[0] <= din;
            for(i = 1; i < CYCLES; i = i + 1)
                R_data[i] <= R_data[i-1];
        end
        assign dout = R_data[CYCLES-1];
    end
    endgenerate

endmodule : hyperpipe

Parameterizable Hyper-Pipelining SystemVerilog Instance

// Quartus Prime SystemVerilog Template
//
// Hyper-Pipelining Module Instantiation

hyperpipe # (
        .CYCLES         ( ),
        .PACKED_WIDTH   ( ),
        .UNPACKED_WIDTH ( )
    ) hp (
        .clk      ( ),
        .din      ( ),
        .dout     ( )
    );

Parameterizable Hyper-Pipelining VHDL Entity

library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
library altera;
use altera.altera_syn_attributes.all;

entity hyperpipe is
	generic (
 		CYCLES : integer := 1;
 		WIDTH : integer := 1
 	);
 	port (
 		clk : in std_logic;
 		din : in std_logic_vector (WIDTH - 1 downto 0);
 		dout : out std_logic_vector (WIDTH - 1 downto 0)
 	);
end entity;

architecture arch of hyperpipe is
 
	type hyperpipe_t is array(CYCLES-1 downto 0) of
 		std_logic_vector(WIDTH-1 downto 0);
	signal HR : hyperpipe_t;
	
	-- Prevent large hyperpipes from going into memory-based altshift_taps,
	-- since that won't take advantage of Hyper-Registers
 	attribute altera_attribute of HR :
 		signal is "-name AUTO_SHIFT_REGISTER_RECOGNITION off";
 
begin
 	wire : if CYCLES = 0 GENERATE
 		-- The 0 bit is just a pass-thru, when CYCLES is set to 0
 		dout <= din;
 	end generate wire;
 
 	hp : if CYCLES > 0 GENERATE
 		process (clk) begin
 			if (clk'event and clk = '1')then
 				HR <= HR(HR'high-1 downto 0) & din;
 			end if;
 		end process;
 		dout <= HR(HR'high);
 	end generate hp;

end arch;

Parameterizable Hyper-Pipelining VHDL Instance

-- Template Declaration
component hyperpipe
	generic (
		CYCLES : integer;
		WIDTH : integer
 	);
 	port (
 		clk : in std_logic;
 		din : in std_logic_vector(WIDTH - 1 downto 0);
 		dout : out std_logic_vector(WIDTH - 1 downto 0)
 	);
end component;

-- Instantiation Template:
	hp : hyperpipe
 		generic map (
 			CYCLES => ,
 			WIDTH => 
 		)
 		port map (
 			clk => ,
 			din => ,
 			dout =>
 		);
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