Visible to Intel only — GUID: sam1403478575698
Ixiasoft
Visible to Intel only — GUID: sam1403478575698
Ixiasoft
7.4.7. Leveling Circuitry for Arria V GZ Devices
DDR3 SDRAM unbuffered modules use a fly-by clock distribution topology for better signal integrity. This means that the CK/CK# signals arrive at each DDR3 SDRAM device in the module at different times. The difference in arrival time between the first DDR3 SDRAM device and the last device on the module can be as long as 1.6 ns.
The following figure shows the clock topology in DDR3 SDRAM unbuffered modules.
Because the data and read strobe signals are still point-to-point, take special care to ensure that the timing relationship between the CK/CK# and DQS signals (tDQSS, tDSS, and tDSH) during a write is met at every device on the modules. In a similar way, read data coming back into the FPGA from the memory is also staggered.
The Arria® V GZ devices have leveling circuitry to address these two situations. There is one leveling circuit per I/O sub-bank (for example, I/O sub-bank 1A, 1B, and 1C each has one leveling circuitry). These delay chains are PVT-compensated by the same DQS delay settings as the DLL and DQS delay chains.
The DLL uses eight delay chain taps, such that each delay chain tap generates a 45° delay. The generated clock phases are distributed to every DQS logic block that is available in the I/O sub-bank. The delay chain taps then feed a multiplexer controlled by the UniPHY IP core to select which clock phases are to be used for that x4 or x 8 DQS group. Each group can use a different tap output from the read-leveling and write-leveling delay chains to compensate for the different CK/CK# delay going into each device on the module.
The –90° write clock of the UniPHY IP feeds the write-leveling circuitry to produce the clock to generate the DQS and DQ signals. During initialization, the UniPHY IP picks the correct write-leveled clock for the DQS and DQ clocks for each DQ/DQS group after sweeping all the available clocks in the write calibration process. The DQ clock output is –90° phase-shifted compared to the DQS clock output.
The UniPHY IP dynamically calibrates the alignment for read and write leveling during the initialization process.