CPRI Intel® FPGA IP User Guide

ID 683595
Date 4/04/2022
Public

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3.18.5.2. Round-Trip Delay Calibration

If you turn on Enable round-trip delay calibration in the CPRI parameter editor, the CPRI IP core provides an additional, optional mechanism to help minimize the variation in the round-trip delay through a CPRI REC or RE master.

If you turn on Enable round-trip delay calibration in the CPRI parameter editor, the dynamic pipelining feature for round-trip delay calibration introduces a delay in the Rx path in an REC or RE master. This delay is introduced to the Rx path immediately following the Rx elastic buffer. The feature introduces the new delay to maintain a round-trip delay measurement as close as possible to the anticipated round-trip delay you provide to the CPRI IP core. The DELAY_CAL_RTD register holds the anticipated delay that you program, an enable bit you turn on to activate the feature, and a status field in which the CPRI IP core reports its relative success in maintaining the round-trip delay you requested.

The CPRI IP core is configured with a set of N=2 B pipelined registers in the Rx path, where B is the value you specified for Round-trip delay calibration FIFO depth in the parameter editor. If the two lowest order bits of the cal_rtd_ctrl field (bits [25:24] of the DELAY_CAL_RTD register) have the value of 2'b01, the auto-calibration feature is active. The user programs the cal_rtd_usr field with the expected number of cpri_clkout cycles of round-trip delay. The CPRI IP core adjusts the number of pipeline registers the data passes through (in contrast to the number of registers it bypasses) to compensate for mismatches between the desired round-trip delay programmed in the cal_rtd_usr field and the actual round-trip delay recorded in the ROUND_TRIP_DELAY register.

The cal_rtd_status field reports whether the CPRI IP core is successful in keeping the round-trip delay at the value you prescribed in the cal_rtd_usr field. If the two lowest order bits of the cal_rtd_ctrl field (bits [25:24] of the DELAY_CAL_RTD register) have the value of 2'b01, the value of the cal_rtd_status field should remain at 2'b10. If the value reaches 2'b11, indicating that the IP core is unable to meet the calibration requirement, you should reset the link or restart the calibration. You might also need to re-instantiate the IP core with a larger number of pipeline registers to support additional adjustment.

Initially, the number of pipeline registers the CPRI IP core uses is one half the total number N of available register stages, plus one. This initial setting allows the IP core to adjust the number up or down as required, and adds (N/2)+1 latency cycles to the RX path delay and the round-trip delay. For buffer depth N, the pipeline read pointer can move (N/2)-1 entries in either direction from its initial state.

Figure 62. Pipeline Read Pointer Decrements to Decrease Measured Round-Trip Delay

In Case 1, the application writes the value of 60 in the cal_rtd_usr field of the DELAY_CAL_RTD register. When the CPRI IP core measures the actual round-trip delay and sets the round_trip_delay field of the ROUND_TRIP_DELAY register to the value of 61, the CPRI IP core responds by moving the read pointer to decrease the pipeline length, and therefore the measured round-trip delay value, by one cpri_clkout cycle. The adjustment achieves the desired effect: the measured round-trip delay value changes to 60.

Figure 63. Pipeline Read Pointer Increments to Increase Measured Round-Trip Delay

In Case 2, the application writes the value of 62 in the cal_rtd_usr field of the DELAY_CAL_RTD register. When the CPRI IP core measures the actual round-trip delay and sets the round_trip_delay field of the ROUND_TRIP_DELAY register to the value of 61, the CPRI IP core responds by moving the read pointer to increase the pipeline length, and therefore the measured round-trip delay value, by one cpri_clkout cycle. The adjustment achieves the desired effect: the measured round-trip delay value changes to 60.