Nios II Classic Processor Reference Guide

ID 683620
Date 10/28/2016
Public
Document Table of Contents

8.5.58. ldw / ldwio

Instruction load 32-bit word from memory or I/O peripheral
Operation

rB ←  Mem32[rA + σ(IMM16)]

Assembler Syntax

ldw rB, byte_offset(rA)

ldwio rB, byte_offset(rA)

Example

ldw r6, 100(r5)

Description

Computes the effective byte address specified by the sum of rA and the instruction's signed 16-bit immediate value. Loads register rB with the memory word located at the effective byte address. The effective byte address must be word aligned. If the byte address is not a multiple of 4, the operation is undefined.

Usage

In processors with a data cache, this instruction may retrieve the desired data from the cache instead of from memory. Use the ldwio instruction for peripheral I/O. In processors with a data cache, ldwio bypasses the cache and memory. Use the ldwio instruction for peripheral I/O. In processors with a data cache, ldwio bypasses the cache and is guaranteed to generate an Avalon® -MM data transfer. In processors without a data cache, ldwio acts like ldw.

For more information on data cache, refer to the Cache and Tightly Coupled Memory chapter of the Nios II Software Developer’s Handbook.

Exceptions

Supervisor-only data address

Misaligned data address

TLB permission violation (read)

Fast TLB miss (data)

Double TLB miss (data)

MPU region violation (data)

Instruction Type

I

Instruction Fields

A = Register index of operand rA

B = Register index of operand rB

IMM16 = 16-bit signed immediate value

Table 113.  ldw
Bit Fields
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
A B IMM16
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
IMM16 0x17
Table 114.  ldwio
Bit Fields
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
A B IMM16
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
IMM16 0x37