External Memory Interfaces Intel® Agilex™ FPGA IP User Guide

ID 683216
Date 1/31/2022
Public

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11.3.2. Evaluating External Memory Interface Timing Issues

External memory interface timing issues usually relate to the FPGA input and output characteristics, PCB timing, and the memory component characteristics.

The FPGA input and output characteristics are usually fixed values, because the IOE structure of the devices is fixed. Optimal PLL characteristics and clock routing characteristics do have an effect. Assuming the IP is correctly constrained with autogenerated assignments, and you follow implementation rules, the design should reach the stated performance figures.

Memory component characteristics are fixed for any given component or DIMM. Consider using faster components or DIMMs in marginal cases when PCB skew may be suboptimal, or your design includes multiple ranks when deration may cause read capture or write timing challenges. Using faster memory components often reduces the memory data output skew and uncertainty easing read capture, and lowering the memory’s input setup and hold requirement, which eases write timing.

Increased PCB skew reduces margins on address, command, read capture and write timing. If you are narrowly failing timing on these paths, consider reducing the board skew (if possible), or using faster memory. Address and command timing typically requires you to manually balance the reported setup and hold values with the dedicated address and command phase in the IP.

Refer to the respective IP user guide for more information.

Multiple-slot multiple-rank UDIMM interfaces can place considerable loading on the FPGA driver. Typically a quad rank interface can have thirty-six loads. In multiple-rank configurations, Intel® 's stated maximum data rates are not likely to be achievable because of loading deration. Consider using different topologies, for example registered DIMMs, to reduce the loading.

Deration because of increased loading, or suboptimal layout may result in a lower than desired operating frequency meeting timing. You should close timing in the Timing Analyzer software using your expected loading and layout rules before committing to PCB fabrication.

Ensure that any design with an Intel® PHY is correctly constrained and meets timing in the Timing Analyzer software. You must address any constraint or timing failures before testing hardware.

For more information about timing constraints, refer to the Timing Analysis chapter.