External Memory Interfaces Intel® Agilex™ FPGA IP User Guide

ID 683216
Date 1/31/2022
Public

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10.4.10. Command Reordering

Data reordering and command reordering can both contribute towards achieving controller efficiency. You can enable command reordering by turning on Enable Reordering on the Controller Settings tab of the parameter editor.

DDR protocols are naturally inefficient, because commands are fetched and processed sequentially. The DDRx command and DQ bus are not fully utilized as few potential cycles are wasted and degrading the efficiency

The command reordering feature, or look-ahead bank management feature, allows the controller to issue bank management commands early based on incoming patterns, so that when the command reaches the memory interface, the desired page in memory is already open.

The command cycles during the tRCD period are idle and the bank-management commands are issued to next access banks. When the controller is serving the next command, the bank is already precharged. The command queue look-ahead depth is configurable from 1-16, to specify how many read or write requests the look-ahead bank management logic examines. With the look-ahead command queue, if consecutive write or read requests are to a sequential address with same row, same bank, and column incremental by 1, the controller merges the write or read requests at the memory transaction into a single burst.

Figure 136. Comparison With and Without Command Reordering Feature

Comparison With and Without Command Reordering Feature

Compare the following efficiency results for the above figure:

Table 154.  Efficiency Results for Above Figure

Without Look-ahead Bank Management

With Look-ahead Bank Management

Active cycles of data transfer

12

12

Total number of cycles

20

16

Approximate efficiency

60%

75%

In the above table, the use of look-ahead bank management increases efficiency by 15%. The bank look-ahead pattern verifies that the system is able to completely hide the bank precharge and activation for specific sequences in which the minimum number of page-open transactions are placed between transactions to closed pages to allow bank look-ahead to occur just in time for the closed pages. An optimal system would completely hide bank activation and precharge performance penalties for the bank look-ahead traffic pattern and achieve 100% efficiency, ignoring refresh.