Video and Vision Processing Suite Intel® FPGA IP User Guide

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ID 683329
Date 4/03/2023
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite 2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs 3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description 4. Video and Vision Processing IP Interfaces 5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers 6. Video and Vision Processing IPs Software Programming Model 7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP 8. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP 9. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP 10. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP 11. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP 12. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP 13. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP 14. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP 15. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP 16. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP 17. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP 18. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP 19. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP 20. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP 21. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP 22. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP 23. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP 24. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP 25. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP 26. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP 27. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP 28. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP 29. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP 30. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP 31. Switch Intel® FPGA IP 32. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP 33. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP 34. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP 35. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP 36. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP 37. Warp Intel® FPGA IP 38. Design Security 39. Document Revision History for Video and Vision Processing Suite User Guide
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite x
1.1. Video and Vision Processing IPs Features 1.2. Device Family Support 1.3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Release Information 1.4. Lite versus Full IP Variants 1.5. Glossary of Video and Vision Terminology
2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs x
2.1. Video and Vision Processing IP Evaluation Time-out Behavior 2.2. Generating a Video and Vision Processing IP 2.3. Simulating the Video and Vision Processing IPs
3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description x
3.1. Auxiliary Control Packets 3.2. Latency 3.3. IP Debugging Features 3.4. Stall Behavior and Error Recovery 3.5. Avalon Streaming Video Protocol Versus Intel FPGA Streaming Video Protocol
5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers x
5.1. Video and Vision Processing IP Control Examples
7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
7.1. About the Protocol Converter IP 7.2. Protocol Converter IP Parameters 7.3. Protocol Converter IP Functional Description 7.4. Protocol Converter IP Interfaces 7.5. Protocol Converter IP Registers 7.6. Protocol Converter IP Software API
7.1. About the Protocol Converter IP x
7.1.1. Protocol Converter IP Performance and Resources
8. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP x
8.1. About the 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP 8.2. 3D LUT IP Parameters 8.3. 3D LUT IP Block Description 8.4. 3D LUT IP Registers 8.5. 3D LUT IP Software API
8.1. About the 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP x
8.1.1. 3D LUT IP Features 8.1.2. 3D LUT IP Performance IP and Resource Information
8.3. 3D LUT IP Block Description x
8.3.1. 3D LUT IP Interfaces 8.3.2. 3D LUT IP Latency
9. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP x
9.1. About the AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP 9.2. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Parameters 9.3. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Interfaces
9.1. About the AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP x
9.1.1. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Features 9.1.2. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Performance and Resources
10. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP x
10.1. About the Chroma Key IP 10.2. Chroma Key IP Parameters 10.3. Chroma Key IP Interfaces 10.4. Chroma Key Replacement 10.5. Chroma Key IP Registers 10.6. Chroma Key IP Software API
10.1. About the Chroma Key IP x
10.1.1. Chroma Key IP Performance and Resources
11. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP x
11.1. About the Chroma Resampler IP 11.2. Chroma Resampler IP Parameters 11.3. Chroma Resampler IP Functional Description 11.4. Chroma Resampler IP Registers 11.5. Chroma Resampler IP Software API
11.1. About the Chroma Resampler IP x
11.1.1. Chroma Resampler Performance and Resources
11.3. Chroma Resampler IP Functional Description x
11.3.1. Chroma Resampler IP Interfaces
12. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP x
12.1. About the Clipper IP 12.2. Clipper IP Parameters 12.3. Clipper IP Interfaces 12.4. Clipper IP Registers 12.5. Clipper IP Software API
12.1. About the Clipper IP x
12.1.1. Clipper IP Performance and Resources
13. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP x
13.1. About the Clocked Video Input IP 13.2. Initializing the Clocked Video Input IP 13.3. Clocked Video Input IP Parameters 13.4. Clocked Video Input IP Interfaces 13.5. Clocked Video Input IP Registers 13.6. Clocked Video Input IP Software API
13.1. About the Clocked Video Input IP x
13.1.1. Clocked Video Input IP Features 13.1.2. Clocked Video Input IP Performance and Resources
14. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
14.1. About the Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter IP 14.2. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Parameters 14.3. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Block Description 14.4. Clocked Video Converter to Full-Raster IP Registers
14.1. About the Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter IP x
14.1.1. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Features 14.1.2. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Performance and Resources
14.3. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Block Description x
14.3.1. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Interfaces
15. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP x
15.1. About the Clocked Video Output IP 15.2. Clocked Video Output IP Parameters 15.3. Clocked Video Output IP Functional Description 15.4. Clocked Video Output IP Interfaces 15.5. Clocked Video Output IP Registers 15.6. Clocked Video Output IP Software API
15.1. About the Clocked Video Output IP x
15.1.1. Clocked Video Output IP Performance and Resources 15.1.2. Clocked Video Output IP Features
16. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
16.1. About the Color Space Converter IP 16.2. Color Space Converter IP Parameters 16.3. Color Space Converter IP Functional Description 16.4. Color Space Converter IP Registers 16.5. Color Space Converter IP Software API
16.1. About the Color Space Converter IP x
16.1.1. Color Space Converter IP Features 16.1.2. Color Space Converter IP Performance and Resources
16.3. Color Space Converter IP Functional Description x
16.3.1. Color Space Converter IP Interfaces
17. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP x
17.1. About the Deinterlacer IP 17.2. Deinterlacer Parameters 17.3. Deinterlacer Interfaces 17.4. Deinterlacer Registers 17.5. Deinterlacer IP Software API
17.1. About the Deinterlacer IP x
17.1.1. Deinterlacer Performance and Resources
18. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP x
18.1. About the FIR Filter 18.2. FIR Filter Parameters 18.3. FIR Filter IP Operation 18.4. FIR Filter Interfaces 18.5. FIR Filter Registers 18.6. FIR Filter IP Software API
18.1. About the FIR Filter x
18.1.1. FIR Filter IP Performance and Resources
18.3. FIR Filter IP Operation x
18.3.1. FIR Filter Processing 18.3.2. FIR Filter Precision 18.3.3. FIR Coefficient Specification 18.3.4. FIR Filter Symmetry 18.3.5. Result to Output Data Type Conversion
18.3.4. FIR Filter Symmetry x
18.3.4.1. No Symmetry 18.3.4.2. Horizontal Symmetry 18.3.4.3. Vertical Symmetry 18.3.4.4. Horizontal and Vertical Symmetry 18.3.4.5. Diagonal Symmetry
19. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP x
19.1. About the Frame Cleaner IP 19.2. Frame Cleaner IP Parameters 19.3. Frame Cleaner IP Functional Description 19.4. Frame Cleaner IP Interfaces 19.5. Frame Cleaner IP Registers 19.6. Frame Cleaner IP Software API
19.1. About the Frame Cleaner IP x
19.1.1. Frame Cleaner IP Performance and Resources
20. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
20.1. About the Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter 20.2. Full Raster to Clocked Video Converter Parameters 20.3. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Block Description 20.4. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Registers
20.1. About the Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter x
20.1.1. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Features 20.1.2. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Performance and Resource Utilization
20.3. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Block Description x
20.3.1. Full Raster to Clocked Video Converter Interfaces
21. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
21.1. About the Full-Raster to Streaming Converter IP 21.2. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Parameters 21.3. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Block Description
21.1. About the Full-Raster to Streaming Converter IP x
21.1.1. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Features 21.1.2. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Performance and Resources
21.3. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Block Description x
21.3.1. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Interfaces
22. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP x
22.1. About the Genlock Controller IP 22.2. Genlock Controller IP Parameters 22.3. Genlock Controller IP Functional Description 22.4. Using Genlock Controller IP Software 22.5. Genlock Controller IP Registers 22.6. Genlock Controller IP Software API
22.1. About the Genlock Controller IP x
22.1.1. Genlock Controller IP Performance and Resources
22.3. Genlock Controller IP Functional Description x
PID Controller 22.3.1. Genlock Controller IP Interfaces
22.4. Using Genlock Controller IP Software x
22.4.1. Achieving Genlock Controller Free Running (for Initialization or from Lock to Reference Clock N) 22.4.2. Locking to Reference Clock N (from Genlock Controller IP free running) 22.4.3. Setting the VCXO hold over 22.4.4. Restarting the Genlock Controller IP 22.4.5. Locking to Reference Clock N New (from Locking to Reference Clock N Old) 22.4.6. Changing to Reference Clock or VCXO Base Frequencies (switch between p50 and p59.94 video formats and vice-versa) 22.4.7. Disturbing a Reference Clock (a cable pull)
23. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP x
23.1. About the Generic Crosspoint IP 23.2. Generic Crosspoint IP Parameters 23.3. Generic Crosspoint IP Interfaces 23.4. Generic Crosspoint IP Registers 23.5. Generic Crosspoint IP Software API
23.1. About the Generic Crosspoint IP x
23.1.1. Generic Crosspoint IP Features 23.1.2. Generic Crosspoint Performance and Resources
24. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP x
24.1. About the Genlock Signal Router IP 24.2. Genlock Signal Router IP Parameters 24.3. Genlock Signal Router IP Interfaces 24.4. Genlock Signal Router IP Registers 24.5. Genlock Signal Router IP Software API
24.1. About the Genlock Signal Router IP x
24.1.1. Genlock Signal Router IP Features 24.1.2. Genlock Signal Router IP Performance and Resources
25. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP x
25.1. About the Guard Bands IP 25.2. Guard Bands IP Parameters 25.3. Guard Bands IP Interfaces 25.4. Guard Bands IP Registers 25.5. Guard Bands IP Software API
25.1. About the Guard Bands IP x
25.1.1. Guard Bands IP Performance and Resources
26. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP x
26.1. About the Interlacer IP 26.2. Interlacer IP Parameters 26.3. Interlacer IP Functional Description 26.4. Interlacer IP Registers 26.5. Interlacer IP Software API
26.1. About the Interlacer IP x
26.1.1. Interlacer IP Performance and Resources
26.3. Interlacer IP Functional Description x
26.3.1. Interlacer IP Interfaces
27. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP x
27.1. About the Mixer IP 27.2. Mixer IP Parameters 27.3. Mixer IP Functional Description 27.4. Mixer IP Registers 27.5. Mixer IP Software API
27.1. About the Mixer IP x
27.1.1. Mixer IP Performance and Resources
27.3. Mixer IP Functional Description x
27.3.1. Mixer IP Interfaces
28. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
28.1. About the Pixels in Parallel Converter IP 28.2. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Parameters 28.3. Pixels in Parallel Converter Interfaces 28.4. Pixels in Parallel Converter Registers 28.5. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Software API
28.1. About the Pixels in Parallel Converter IP x
28.1.1. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Performance and Resources
29. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP x
29.1. About the Scaler 29.2. Scaler IP Parameters 29.3. Scaler IP Functional Description 29.4. Scaler IP Registers 29.5. Scaler IP Software API
29.1. About the Scaler x
29.1.1. Scaler IP Performance and Resources
29.2. Scaler IP Parameters x
29.2.1. Scaler Maximum Resolution
29.3. Scaler IP Functional Description x
29.3.1. Coefficient Selection 29.3.2. Coefficient Quantization 29.3.3. Filter Behavior at Edge Boundaries 29.3.4. Partial Frame Scaling 29.3.5. 422 and 420 Chroma Sampled Data Scaling 29.3.6. Scaler IP Interfaces
29.3.1. Coefficient Selection x
29.3.1.1. Updating Scaler IP Runtime Coefficients
30. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP x
30.1. About the Stream Cleaner IP 30.2. Stream Cleaner IP Parameters 30.3. Stream Cleaner IP Functional Description
30.1. About the Stream Cleaner IP x
30.1.1. Stream Cleaner IP Performance and Resources
30.3. Stream Cleaner IP Functional Description x
30.3.1. Stream Cleaner IP Interfaces
31. Switch Intel® FPGA IP x
31.1. About the Switch IP 31.2. Switch IP Parameters 31.3. Switch IP Functional Description 31.4. Switch IP Registers 31.5. Switch IP Software API
31.1. About the Switch IP x
31.1.1. Switch IP Performance and Resources
31.3. Switch IP Functional Description x
31.3.1. Switch IP Latency 31.3.2. Switch IP Interfaces
32. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP x
32.1. About the Tone Mapping Operator IP 32.2. TMO IP Parameters 32.3. TMO IP Block Description 32.4. TMO IP Registers 32.5. TMO IP Software API
32.1. About the Tone Mapping Operator IP x
32.1.1. TMO IP Features 32.1.2. TMO IP Performance and Resource Utilization
32.3. TMO IP Block Description x
32.3.1. TMO IP Interfaces 32.3.2. TMO IP Latency
33. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP x
33.1. About the Test Pattern Generator IP 33.2. Test Pattern Generator IP Parameters 33.3. Test Pattern Generator IP Functional Description 33.4. Test Pattern Generator IP Registers 33.5. Test Pattern Generator IP Software API
33.1. About the Test Pattern Generator IP x
33.1.1. Test Pattern Generator IP Performance and Resources
33.3. Test Pattern Generator IP Functional Description x
33.3.1. Test Pattern Generator IP Interfaces
34. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP x
34.1. About the Video Frame Buffer IP 34.2. Video Frame Buffer IP Parameters 34.3. Video Frame Buffer IP Functional Description 34.4. Video Frame Buffer IP Registers 34.5. Video Frame Buffer IP Software API
34.1. About the Video Frame Buffer IP x
34.1.1. Video Frame Buffer Performance and Resources
34.3. Video Frame Buffer IP Functional Description x
34.3.1. Video Frame Buffer IP Interfaces
35. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP x
35.1. About the Video Streaming FIFO IP 35.2. Video Streaming FIFO IP Parameters 35.3. Video Streaming FIFO IP Interfaces
35.1. About the Video Streaming FIFO IP x
35.1.1. Video Streaming FIFO IP Performance and Resources
36. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP x
36.1. About the Video Timing Generator IP 36.2. Video Timing Generator IP Parameters 36.3. Video Timing Generator IP Functional Description 36.4. Video Timing Generator IP Interfaces 36.5. Video Timing Generator IP Registers 36.6. Video Timing Generator IP Software API
36.1. About the Video Timing Generator IP x
36.1.1. Video Timing Generator IP Features 36.1.2. Video Timing Generator IP Performance and Resources
37. Warp Intel® FPGA IP x
37.1. About the Warp IP 37.2. Warp IP Parameters 37.3. Warp IP Block Description 37.4. Warp IP Registers 37.5. Warp IP Software API
37.1. About the Warp IP x
37.1.1. Warp IP Features 37.1.2. Warp IP Performance and Resource Utilization
37.3. Warp IP Block Description x
37.3.1. Block Cache Tool 37.3.2. Warp IP Interfaces 37.3.3. Warp IP Latency 37.3.4. External Memory for Warp IP
37.5. Warp IP Software API x
37.5.1. Using Warp IP Software 37.5.2. Warp IP Software Code Examples
38. Design Security x
38.1. Memory Subsystems 38.2. Considering Design Security
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite
2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs
3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description
4. Video and Vision Processing IP Interfaces
5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers
6. Video and Vision Processing IPs Software Programming Model
7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP
8. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP
9. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP
10. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP
11. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP
12. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP
13. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP
14. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP
15. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP
16. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP
17. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP
18. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP
19. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP
20. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP
21. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP
22. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP
23. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP
24. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP
25. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP
26. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP
27. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP
28. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP
29. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP
30. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP
31. Switch Intel® FPGA IP
32. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP
33. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP
34. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP
35. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP
36. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP
37. Warp Intel® FPGA IP
38. Design Security
39. Document Revision History for Video and Vision Processing Suite User Guide

22.3. Genlock Controller IP Functional Description

The Genlock Controller IP is a feedback control loop system consisting of a phase frequency detector (PFD), a proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) low pass filter (LPF), a pulse width modulation (PWM) digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and a CPU Interface.
Figure 57. Genlock Controller IP Block DiagramThe figure shows the design's submodules

The PFD measures differences between the VCXO input clock (vcxo_clk) and selected reference clock (ref_clk) to produce an error value e(t).

The PID LPF receives the error and accumulates it to produce an output control value c(t) that is proportional to the error. This output control value passes into the PWM DAC that converts it to a series of pulses that drives the external VCXO via a simple external resistor-capacitor (RC) network. The rate of pulses determines a voltage level on the VCXO, which changes the VCXO frequency. Therefore, the PFD output error changes as it is based on the new VCXO clock frequency (hence the feedback). The algorithm continues until the IP minimizes the error value.

The IP aims to reduce the error between the VCXO clock and the reference clock to zero indicating that the clocks must be at the same frequency.

Generally, the control loop operates in Phase mode or Frequency mode.

In Phase mode, the control loop aims to reduce the delta between the VCXO and selected reference clock measurements to remain in sync. In Frequency mode, the control loop aims to reduce the rate of change between the VCXO and selected reference clock measurements.

The choice of mode depends on requiring hard and soft genlock and the input to output video latencies.

The following factors contribute to the configuration parameters you select for your design:

  • VCXO performance (base frequency, sweep range, reaction time)
  • RC performance
  • Nominal differences between VCXO and reference clocks, including ppm tolerances
  • Rate of tracking required
  • Stability (jitter) of reference clocks
  • Additional error, jitter, and frequency changes that PLLs introduce between the VCXO and FPGA

Tuning the control loop must ensure the loop is stable and lock reasonably quickly. You should test your design using CPU programmable features (such as PID gains) to find the best solution.

PID Controller

The PID controller uses three control terms (proportional, integral, and derivative) to achieve an optimal response to a measured input. The IP reads the difference between the reference and VCXO clock frequencies. It generates a corrective output to modulate the VCXO frequency to match that of the reference clock.

The PID controller continuously calculates an error value e(t) as the difference between two free running counters where one runs off the reference clock and the other the VCXO clock. Calculate an output from e(t) using a control function u(t) to minimise e(t) over time. The control function uses PID terms and is:
Equation 1. Control Function
Where:
  • Kp is proportional term which includes a gain factor K. Changes in e(t) cause the proportional effort to react accordingly. No error equates to no proportional effort.
  • Ki denotes the integral term that also includes a gain factor K. The IP integrates e(t) values (post gain) over time. They represent the past historic values of the control effort. The integral stops growing when you eliminate e(t).
  • Kd is the derivative term that can estimate the future trend based on the current rate of change in e(t). Again, it includes a gain factor K.

You must tune the gain values to balance the terms to produce the required step response to the error input. The step response needs to be accurate but also respond timely to achieve lock.

For the genlock controller IP, e(t) is:

e(t) = reference clock counter – vcxo clock counter

It can be positive or negative depending on which clock is faster. It uses 2’s complement maths.

Depending on the ppm differences, e(t) should be of a sufficient value to allow the controller to work using a feedback loop. Consequently, the IP samples e(t) periodically instead of continuously. The period depends on many factors like ppm differences, VCXO reaction time, and lock time.

For the proportional gain, high values produce a large change on the output for a given change to e(t). These high values can cause large over and under shoots of the ideal output value and the control loop can become unstable. However, if the gain is too small, the controller can be less responsive and take a long time to achieve lock.

The integral term is the sum of the sampled e(t) (post gain) over time. The IP uses this term to accelerate towards the ideal output value. As with the proportional term, too high gain can cause over and under shoots and too small causes a slow response time.

In this IP, e(t) experiences jitter from both the recovering input clocks and over time because of temperature. Therefore, it never stays at zero and likely drifts or wobbles around. The IP ensures that at this time small changes in e(t) produce small enough changes to the output to ensure accuracy and achieve genlock. But it must not introduce excessive output jitter that may break any standards specifications (such as SDI).


Section Content
Genlock Controller IP Interfaces

Level Two Title