Video and Vision Processing Suite Intel® FPGA IP User Guide

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ID 683329
Date 4/03/2023
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite 2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs 3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description 4. Video and Vision Processing IP Interfaces 5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers 6. Video and Vision Processing IPs Software Programming Model 7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP 8. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP 9. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP 10. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP 11. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP 12. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP 13. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP 14. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP 15. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP 16. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP 17. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP 18. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP 19. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP 20. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP 21. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP 22. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP 23. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP 24. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP 25. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP 26. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP 27. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP 28. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP 29. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP 30. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP 31. Switch Intel® FPGA IP 32. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP 33. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP 34. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP 35. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP 36. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP 37. Warp Intel® FPGA IP 38. Design Security 39. Document Revision History for Video and Vision Processing Suite User Guide
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite x
1.1. Video and Vision Processing IPs Features 1.2. Device Family Support 1.3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Release Information 1.4. Lite versus Full IP Variants 1.5. Glossary of Video and Vision Terminology
2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs x
2.1. Video and Vision Processing IP Evaluation Time-out Behavior 2.2. Generating a Video and Vision Processing IP 2.3. Simulating the Video and Vision Processing IPs
3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description x
3.1. Auxiliary Control Packets 3.2. Latency 3.3. IP Debugging Features 3.4. Stall Behavior and Error Recovery 3.5. Avalon Streaming Video Protocol Versus Intel FPGA Streaming Video Protocol
5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers x
5.1. Video and Vision Processing IP Control Examples
7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
7.1. About the Protocol Converter IP 7.2. Protocol Converter IP Parameters 7.3. Protocol Converter IP Functional Description 7.4. Protocol Converter IP Interfaces 7.5. Protocol Converter IP Registers 7.6. Protocol Converter IP Software API
7.1. About the Protocol Converter IP x
7.1.1. Protocol Converter IP Performance and Resources
8. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP x
8.1. About the 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP 8.2. 3D LUT IP Parameters 8.3. 3D LUT IP Block Description 8.4. 3D LUT IP Registers 8.5. 3D LUT IP Software API
8.1. About the 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP x
8.1.1. 3D LUT IP Features 8.1.2. 3D LUT IP Performance IP and Resource Information
8.3. 3D LUT IP Block Description x
8.3.1. 3D LUT IP Interfaces 8.3.2. 3D LUT IP Latency
9. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP x
9.1. About the AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP 9.2. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Parameters 9.3. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Interfaces
9.1. About the AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP x
9.1.1. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Features 9.1.2. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Performance and Resources
10. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP x
10.1. About the Chroma Key IP 10.2. Chroma Key IP Parameters 10.3. Chroma Key IP Interfaces 10.4. Chroma Key Replacement 10.5. Chroma Key IP Registers 10.6. Chroma Key IP Software API
10.1. About the Chroma Key IP x
10.1.1. Chroma Key IP Performance and Resources
11. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP x
11.1. About the Chroma Resampler IP 11.2. Chroma Resampler IP Parameters 11.3. Chroma Resampler IP Functional Description 11.4. Chroma Resampler IP Registers 11.5. Chroma Resampler IP Software API
11.1. About the Chroma Resampler IP x
11.1.1. Chroma Resampler Performance and Resources
11.3. Chroma Resampler IP Functional Description x
11.3.1. Chroma Resampler IP Interfaces
12. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP x
12.1. About the Clipper IP 12.2. Clipper IP Parameters 12.3. Clipper IP Interfaces 12.4. Clipper IP Registers 12.5. Clipper IP Software API
12.1. About the Clipper IP x
12.1.1. Clipper IP Performance and Resources
13. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP x
13.1. About the Clocked Video Input IP 13.2. Initializing the Clocked Video Input IP 13.3. Clocked Video Input IP Parameters 13.4. Clocked Video Input IP Interfaces 13.5. Clocked Video Input IP Registers 13.6. Clocked Video Input IP Software API
13.1. About the Clocked Video Input IP x
13.1.1. Clocked Video Input IP Features 13.1.2. Clocked Video Input IP Performance and Resources
14. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
14.1. About the Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter IP 14.2. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Parameters 14.3. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Block Description 14.4. Clocked Video Converter to Full-Raster IP Registers
14.1. About the Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter IP x
14.1.1. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Features 14.1.2. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Performance and Resources
14.3. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Block Description x
14.3.1. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Interfaces
15. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP x
15.1. About the Clocked Video Output IP 15.2. Clocked Video Output IP Parameters 15.3. Clocked Video Output IP Functional Description 15.4. Clocked Video Output IP Interfaces 15.5. Clocked Video Output IP Registers 15.6. Clocked Video Output IP Software API
15.1. About the Clocked Video Output IP x
15.1.1. Clocked Video Output IP Performance and Resources 15.1.2. Clocked Video Output IP Features
16. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
16.1. About the Color Space Converter IP 16.2. Color Space Converter IP Parameters 16.3. Color Space Converter IP Functional Description 16.4. Color Space Converter IP Registers 16.5. Color Space Converter IP Software API
16.1. About the Color Space Converter IP x
16.1.1. Color Space Converter IP Features 16.1.2. Color Space Converter IP Performance and Resources
16.3. Color Space Converter IP Functional Description x
16.3.1. Color Space Converter IP Interfaces
17. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP x
17.1. About the Deinterlacer IP 17.2. Deinterlacer Parameters 17.3. Deinterlacer Interfaces 17.4. Deinterlacer Registers 17.5. Deinterlacer IP Software API
17.1. About the Deinterlacer IP x
17.1.1. Deinterlacer Performance and Resources
18. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP x
18.1. About the FIR Filter 18.2. FIR Filter Parameters 18.3. FIR Filter IP Operation 18.4. FIR Filter Interfaces 18.5. FIR Filter Registers 18.6. FIR Filter IP Software API
18.1. About the FIR Filter x
18.1.1. FIR Filter IP Performance and Resources
18.3. FIR Filter IP Operation x
18.3.1. FIR Filter Processing 18.3.2. FIR Filter Precision 18.3.3. FIR Coefficient Specification 18.3.4. FIR Filter Symmetry 18.3.5. Result to Output Data Type Conversion
18.3.4. FIR Filter Symmetry x
18.3.4.1. No Symmetry 18.3.4.2. Horizontal Symmetry 18.3.4.3. Vertical Symmetry 18.3.4.4. Horizontal and Vertical Symmetry 18.3.4.5. Diagonal Symmetry
19. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP x
19.1. About the Frame Cleaner IP 19.2. Frame Cleaner IP Parameters 19.3. Frame Cleaner IP Functional Description 19.4. Frame Cleaner IP Interfaces 19.5. Frame Cleaner IP Registers 19.6. Frame Cleaner IP Software API
19.1. About the Frame Cleaner IP x
19.1.1. Frame Cleaner IP Performance and Resources
20. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
20.1. About the Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter 20.2. Full Raster to Clocked Video Converter Parameters 20.3. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Block Description 20.4. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Registers
20.1. About the Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter x
20.1.1. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Features 20.1.2. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Performance and Resource Utilization
20.3. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Block Description x
20.3.1. Full Raster to Clocked Video Converter Interfaces
21. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
21.1. About the Full-Raster to Streaming Converter IP 21.2. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Parameters 21.3. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Block Description
21.1. About the Full-Raster to Streaming Converter IP x
21.1.1. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Features 21.1.2. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Performance and Resources
21.3. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Block Description x
21.3.1. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Interfaces
22. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP x
22.1. About the Genlock Controller IP 22.2. Genlock Controller IP Parameters 22.3. Genlock Controller IP Functional Description 22.4. Using Genlock Controller IP Software 22.5. Genlock Controller IP Registers 22.6. Genlock Controller IP Software API
22.1. About the Genlock Controller IP x
22.1.1. Genlock Controller IP Performance and Resources
22.3. Genlock Controller IP Functional Description x
22.3.1. Genlock Controller IP Interfaces
22.4. Using Genlock Controller IP Software x
22.4.1. Achieving Genlock Controller Free Running (for Initialization or from Lock to Reference Clock N) 22.4.2. Locking to Reference Clock N (from Genlock Controller IP free running) 22.4.3. Setting the VCXO hold over 22.4.4. Restarting the Genlock Controller IP 22.4.5. Locking to Reference Clock N New (from Locking to Reference Clock N Old) 22.4.6. Changing to Reference Clock or VCXO Base Frequencies (switch between p50 and p59.94 video formats and vice-versa) 22.4.7. Disturbing a Reference Clock (a cable pull)
23. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP x
23.1. About the Generic Crosspoint IP 23.2. Generic Crosspoint IP Parameters 23.3. Generic Crosspoint IP Interfaces 23.4. Generic Crosspoint IP Registers 23.5. Generic Crosspoint IP Software API
23.1. About the Generic Crosspoint IP x
23.1.1. Generic Crosspoint IP Features 23.1.2. Generic Crosspoint Performance and Resources
24. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP x
24.1. About the Genlock Signal Router IP 24.2. Genlock Signal Router IP Parameters 24.3. Genlock Signal Router IP Interfaces 24.4. Genlock Signal Router IP Registers 24.5. Genlock Signal Router IP Software API
24.1. About the Genlock Signal Router IP x
24.1.1. Genlock Signal Router IP Features 24.1.2. Genlock Signal Router IP Performance and Resources
25. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP x
25.1. About the Guard Bands IP 25.2. Guard Bands IP Parameters 25.3. Guard Bands IP Interfaces 25.4. Guard Bands IP Registers 25.5. Guard Bands IP Software API
25.1. About the Guard Bands IP x
25.1.1. Guard Bands IP Performance and Resources
26. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP x
26.1. About the Interlacer IP 26.2. Interlacer IP Parameters 26.3. Interlacer IP Functional Description 26.4. Interlacer IP Registers 26.5. Interlacer IP Software API
26.1. About the Interlacer IP x
26.1.1. Interlacer IP Performance and Resources
26.3. Interlacer IP Functional Description x
26.3.1. Interlacer IP Interfaces
27. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP x
27.1. About the Mixer IP 27.2. Mixer IP Parameters 27.3. Mixer IP Functional Description 27.4. Mixer IP Registers 27.5. Mixer IP Software API
27.1. About the Mixer IP x
27.1.1. Mixer IP Performance and Resources
27.3. Mixer IP Functional Description x
27.3.1. Mixer IP Interfaces
28. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
28.1. About the Pixels in Parallel Converter IP 28.2. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Parameters 28.3. Pixels in Parallel Converter Interfaces 28.4. Pixels in Parallel Converter Registers 28.5. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Software API
28.1. About the Pixels in Parallel Converter IP x
28.1.1. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Performance and Resources
29. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP x
29.1. About the Scaler 29.2. Scaler IP Parameters 29.3. Scaler IP Functional Description 29.4. Scaler IP Registers 29.5. Scaler IP Software API
29.1. About the Scaler x
29.1.1. Scaler IP Performance and Resources
29.2. Scaler IP Parameters x
29.2.1. Scaler Maximum Resolution
29.3. Scaler IP Functional Description x
29.3.1. Coefficient Selection 29.3.2. Coefficient Quantization 29.3.3. Filter Behavior at Edge Boundaries 29.3.4. Partial Frame Scaling 29.3.5. 422 and 420 Chroma Sampled Data Scaling 29.3.6. Scaler IP Interfaces
29.3.1. Coefficient Selection x
29.3.1.1. Updating Scaler IP Runtime Coefficients
30. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP x
30.1. About the Stream Cleaner IP 30.2. Stream Cleaner IP Parameters 30.3. Stream Cleaner IP Functional Description
30.1. About the Stream Cleaner IP x
30.1.1. Stream Cleaner IP Performance and Resources
30.3. Stream Cleaner IP Functional Description x
30.3.1. Stream Cleaner IP Interfaces
31. Switch Intel® FPGA IP x
31.1. About the Switch IP 31.2. Switch IP Parameters 31.3. Switch IP Functional Description 31.4. Switch IP Registers 31.5. Switch IP Software API
31.1. About the Switch IP x
31.1.1. Switch IP Performance and Resources
31.3. Switch IP Functional Description x
31.3.1. Switch IP Latency 31.3.2. Switch IP Interfaces
32. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP x
32.1. About the Tone Mapping Operator IP 32.2. TMO IP Parameters 32.3. TMO IP Block Description 32.4. TMO IP Registers 32.5. TMO IP Software API
32.1. About the Tone Mapping Operator IP x
32.1.1. TMO IP Features 32.1.2. TMO IP Performance and Resource Utilization
32.3. TMO IP Block Description x
32.3.1. TMO IP Interfaces 32.3.2. TMO IP Latency
33. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP x
33.1. About the Test Pattern Generator IP 33.2. Test Pattern Generator IP Parameters 33.3. Test Pattern Generator IP Functional Description 33.4. Test Pattern Generator IP Registers 33.5. Test Pattern Generator IP Software API
33.1. About the Test Pattern Generator IP x
33.1.1. Test Pattern Generator IP Performance and Resources
33.3. Test Pattern Generator IP Functional Description x
33.3.1. Test Pattern Generator IP Interfaces
34. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP x
34.1. About the Video Frame Buffer IP 34.2. Video Frame Buffer IP Parameters 34.3. Video Frame Buffer IP Functional Description 34.4. Video Frame Buffer IP Registers 34.5. Video Frame Buffer IP Software API
34.1. About the Video Frame Buffer IP x
34.1.1. Video Frame Buffer Performance and Resources
34.3. Video Frame Buffer IP Functional Description x
34.3.1. Video Frame Buffer IP Interfaces
35. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP x
35.1. About the Video Streaming FIFO IP 35.2. Video Streaming FIFO IP Parameters 35.3. Video Streaming FIFO IP Interfaces
35.1. About the Video Streaming FIFO IP x
35.1.1. Video Streaming FIFO IP Performance and Resources
36. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP x
36.1. About the Video Timing Generator IP 36.2. Video Timing Generator IP Parameters 36.3. Video Timing Generator IP Functional Description 36.4. Video Timing Generator IP Interfaces 36.5. Video Timing Generator IP Registers 36.6. Video Timing Generator IP Software API
36.1. About the Video Timing Generator IP x
36.1.1. Video Timing Generator IP Features 36.1.2. Video Timing Generator IP Performance and Resources
37. Warp Intel® FPGA IP x
37.1. About the Warp IP 37.2. Warp IP Parameters 37.3. Warp IP Block Description 37.4. Warp IP Registers 37.5. Warp IP Software API
37.1. About the Warp IP x
37.1.1. Warp IP Features 37.1.2. Warp IP Performance and Resource Utilization
37.3. Warp IP Block Description x
37.3.1. Block Cache Tool 37.3.2. Warp IP Interfaces 37.3.3. Warp IP Latency 37.3.4. External Memory for Warp IP
37.5. Warp IP Software API x
37.5.1. Using Warp IP Software 37.5.2. Warp IP Software Code Examples
38. Design Security x
38.1. Memory Subsystems 38.2. Considering Design Security
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite
2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs
3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description
4. Video and Vision Processing IP Interfaces
5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers
6. Video and Vision Processing IPs Software Programming Model
7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP
8. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP
9. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP
10. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP
11. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP
12. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP
13. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP
14. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP
15. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP
16. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP
17. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP
18. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP
19. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP
20. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP
21. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP
22. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP
23. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP
24. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP
25. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP
26. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP
27. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP
28. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP
29. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP
30. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP
31. Switch Intel® FPGA IP
32. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP
33. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP
34. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP
35. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP
36. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP
37. Warp Intel® FPGA IP
38. Design Security
39. Document Revision History for Video and Vision Processing Suite User Guide

7.3. Protocol Converter IP Functional Description

Protocol Converter - Avalon Streaming Video to Intel FPGA Streaming Video Lite

The IP converts the protocol in steps:

  1. Changes the Avalon Streaming ready latency from 1 to 0.

    Avalon Streaming Video specifies a ready latency of 1. The IP converts the ready latency to 0 to match the ready-valid handshake mechanism specified for AXI4-Stream.

  2. Removes all packets other than video packets from the stream.

    Avalon Streaming Video specifies a mechanism to assign a type identifier (a number between 0 and 15) to each packet in the stream. Type-0 packets are frames of pixel data and all other packet types indicate nonvideo data. Packets of type-15 (referred to as metapackets) contain metadata to specify the width, height, and interlacing properties of subsequent type-0 video packets. Intel FPGA Streaming Video lite does not allow for metapackets in the stream. The IP discards all packets with a type that is greater than 0. The IP does not propagate type-15 metapackets that specify the properties of the video. However, it parses them during the discard process to extract the expected width of the video frames that follow. The IP uses this information in the next step of the conversion.

  3. Splits frame packets into line packets.

    Avalon Streaming Video specifies that each video packet contains one cycle of header data followed by all of the pixels required for an interlaced frame or progressive frame of video. The header data specifies the packet type. Intel FPGA Streaming Video requires that each packet is one line of video data (with no header information). The IP strips out incoming Avalon Streaming Video frame packets and then splits them into multiple packets. Each packet contains a single video line. The IP extracts the expected width of the video frame from the discarded metapacket that precedes the frame. The IP uses this value to determine where the incoming frame packet should be split to make each output line packet. The IP replaces the Avalon Streaming startofpacket and endofpacket signals with the AXI4-Stream tlast signal and creates the tuser signal. The IP reformats the incoming Avalon Streaming data to create byte-aligned AXI4-Stream tdata

Avalon streaming video to Intel FPGA streaming video full

Converting Avalon streaming video to Intel FPGA streaming video full is similar to converting to Intel FPGA streaming video lite. Steps 1 and 3 are the same, but step 2 is different because Intel FPGA streaming video full supports nonvideo packets. The nonvideo data in the Avalon streaming video input can be retained and does not need to be discarded.

Nonvideo packets in Intel FPGA streaming video full are indicated by asserting bit 1 of the tuser field on the first cycle of the packet. As with Avalon streaming video, each nonvideo packet in Intel FPGA streaming video full has an associated packet type, which is indicated in the five LSBs of the first beat of data.

Intel FPGA streaming video full requires an image information packet (type 0) that precedes the packets for each video field and followed by an end-of-field packet (type 1). The IP adds these to the incoming stream. The image information packet is similar to the control packet in the Avalon streaming video input. It contains information about the width, height, and interlaced format of the following field, which can be sourced directly from the Avalon streaming video control packet. Further information about the input color space, chroma sampling and siting, which is not in the incoming control packet comes either from the register map or parameters, depending on how you configure the IP.

You can select how the IP processes user packets (types 1-14) in the Avalon streaming video input via the How Avalon-ST Video user packets are handled parameter. You can select that these types of packets never exist, in which case no provision is made in the IP to process them (if any are received the IP may lock-up). You can select that the IP discards these packets, in which case the IP adds some additional logic to detect and discard them, as is the case in conversion to Intel FPGA streaming video lite.

The final option that is not available when converting to Intel FPGA Streaming video lite but is available when converting to Intel FPGA streaming video full, is to propagate the incoming user packets. However, Intel FPGA streaming video full cannot insert the user packet directly into the main video stream as nonvideo packets are restricted to only use 16 bits of the data signal, and to have a maximum length of 4 data beats.

To process larger nonvideo packets, Intel FPGA streaming video includes the option for a separate auxiliary interface, which follows the same protocol as the main video interface. The video packets on the video interface (those with tuser bit 1 set to 0) contain video lines. The data packets on the auxiliary interface may contain any nonvideo data you require. When you select Pass all user packets through to the output for Avalon streaming video user packet handling, the header beat of the Avalon streaming video user packet (which contains the packet type) is clipped from the packet, and the remainder of the data is routed to the auxiliary output interface. To allow the packets on the auxiliary interface to be synchronized with the main video interface, a single beat nonvideo packet is included in the main stream at the point where the user packet was present in the original Avalon streaming video input. Intel FPGA streaming video full sets aside the nonvideo packet types in the range 16-31 for free use by the system. The IP modifies the original Avalon streaming video packet type (in the range 1-14) by adding 16 to move it into the range allowed by Intel streaming video full, and the packet created uses this type. The newly created packet also sets a flag in bit 5 to indicate that a packet on the auxiliary interface is associated with this nonvideo packet. You should read it at this point in the video stream.

Protocol Converter - Intel FPGA Streaming Video Lite to Avalon Streaming Video

The IP converts the protocol in 3 steps.

  1. Combines line packets into a single frame packet.

    Intel FPGA Streaming Video specifies that you transmit video data with one video line per packet. Avalon Streaming Video requires that you transmit all the pixels in a frame in a single packet. The incoming line packets must merge to form one frame packet. If you transmit a single pixel per clock cycle, bit 0 of the incoming tuser signal marks the first pixel of each frame. The IP concatenates packets until bit 0 of tuser is asserted. If the number of pixels per line is not a multiple of the pixels per clock, the extra pixels in the final clock cycle of data are effectively empty and you must ignore them. You must specify the width of the incoming video frame via the register map. The IP uses this width information to determine which (if any) pixels it should ignore at the end of each line when concatenating the packets.

  2. Adds the frame packet header and the control packet

    Avalon Streaming Video requires that each frame packet begins with a one cycle header specifying a packet type of 0. The IP adds this header to the frame packet created previously. Avalon Streaming Video also recommends that each frame packet is preceded by a control packet (of type-15) that specifies the width, height, and interlacing scheme of the following frame. You supply the width and height via the register map, as the initial value for interlacing specifier. The IP uses these values to control Avalon Streaming control packets that it adds to the stream. If you select an interlacing specifier for progressive video, the IP uses this value for all control packets. If the interlacing specifier identifies an interlaced scheme, the IP toggles the f0/f1 bit automatically in the outgoing control packets.

  3. Converts Avalon Streaming ready latency 0 to 1

    The IP replaces the AXI4-Stream tlast signal with the Avalon Streaming startofpacket and endofpacket signals. The IP creates the empty signal (if the number of pixels per clock cycle is greater than 1). The IP reformats the AXI4-Stream byte aligned tdata to non-byte aligned Avalon Streaming data. The interface is now compliant with the Avalon Streaming protocol, but with a ready latency of 0. Avalon Streaming Video requires that the ready latency is 1, so the IP converts the ready latency from 0 to 1.

Intel FPGA streaming video full to Avalon streaming video

Converting Intel FPGA streaming video full to Avalon streaming video is similar to converting from Intel FPGA streaming video lite. Steps 1 and 3 are the same, but step 2 is different because the Intel FPGA streaming video full supports nonvideo packets.

You can extract the information required to populate the Avalon streaming video control packet from the image info packet in the Intel FPGA streaming video stream. The Avalon memory-mapped control agent interface is not required.

All Intel FPGA streaming video nonvideo packets with a type in the range 0-15 have specified or reserved functions and cannot be translated to Avalon streaming video. The IP removes these packets from the stream regardless of the value you select for the How Intel FPGA Streaming Video aux packets are handled parameter. If you select Discard all user packets received, the IP discards all user-defined auxiliary control packets received from the Intel FPGA Streaming video input. If you select Discard all user packets received, the optional auxiliary streaming input interface turns on. The IP discards any packets received from this interface, as this interface can carry associated payloads for auxiliary control packets.

If you select the option to pass through auxiliary packets, the IP must discard in-band packets with types 0-15 as these do not translate to Avalon streaming video. The IP must discard types 16, 28 and 31 as they map to reserved types in Avalon streaming video. For the remaining packet types, the IP looks at the value of the flag in bit 5 of the first data beat indicating if a packet on the auxiliary interface accompanies the packet. If the flag is not set, the IP creates an output packet containing just the header beat with the packet type minus 16. If the flag is set, the IP propagates a packet from the auxiliary interface to the output, with a single beat header appended to the front containing the in-band packet type minus 16. This process is the reverse of propagating user packets when converting from Avalon streaming video to Intel FPGA streaming video full.

The in-band packets that indicate a packet exists on the auxiliary interface may have between 1 and 4 beats of data. However, the IP only reads the data in the first beat, as it ignores all other data in the conversion process. The auxiliary interface conforms to the Intel FPGA streaming video protocol and can carry all packet types. The IP discards all image information, end of field, and all auxiliary control packets. The IP forwards all other packets, as these are data packets for any auxiliary control packets received on the main Intel FPGA Streaming video input.

Intel FPGA streaming video full allows auxiliary control packets to arrive in the stream both before the field data (the line packets), and between the final lines packet and the end of frame packet (both before and after the field). Avalon streaming video only allows user packets before the field packet. The IP considers any packets after the field as part of the next field. If the IP encounters auxiliary control packets after the field in Intel FPGA streaming video full, it still converts them to Avalon streaming video, but considers them part of the following frame. You should avoid the use of auxiliary control packets with types 17-31 after the field if this behavior is not acceptable.

Intel FPGA streaming video lite to Intel FPGA streaming video full

Converting from the lite variant to the full variant of Intel FPGA streaming video is a light-weight process because both variants use the same data format and packetization to transmit lines of video. You must add an image information packet before the first line of each field, and an end-of-field packet after the final line. The IP takes the information required to populate the image information packet from the register map. The broken field flag is the only information required for the end-of-field packet. The broken flag is set if the number of lines received for the given frame does not match the field height set in the register map and the field count. The field count is set from a counter that you can reset to zero via the register map at any time, and which increments at the end of each field.

Intel FPGA streaming video full to Intel FPGA streaming video lite

When converting from the full variant to the lite variant of Intel FPGA streaming video both variants use the same data format and packetization to transmit lines of video. To convert, the IP removes any image information, end of field, or auxiliary control packets (marked by asserting bit 1 of tuser for the first beat of the packet) from the input stream.

Pixel data format

The pixel data format for Avalon Streaming Video and Intel FPGA Streaming Video is almost identical. Intel FPGA Streaming Video requires that the width of each pixel is rounded up to the next whole number of bytes. Any extra bits required can be filled with zeros, ones, or any random data. Avalon Streaming Video has no such requirement and uses only the required bits for each pixel. The Protocol Converter adds the required extra bits when converting from Avalon Streaming Video to Intel FPGA Streaming Video. It removes them when converting from Intel FPGA Streaming Video to Avalon Streaming Video.

Avalon Streaming Video and Intel FPGA Streaming Video both specify how the color planes in each pixel should be arranged for RGB and YCbCr formatted data. For YCbCr data, the protocols specify the color plane ordering for 4:4:4, 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 chroma sampling. The color plane ordering is almost identical between the two protocols, apart from swapping Y and Cr planes in the case of YCbCr 4:4:4. The Protocol Converter IP can implement the swap, but you must specify the color space and chroma sampling for each frame. You can specify either via the parameters or the register map accessed through an Avalon memory-mapped agent interface.

You can turn on or turn off the Avalon memory-mapped agent interface via a parameter. If the Avalon memory-mapped agent interface is turned on, specify the color space and chroma sampling at run time via the register map. If the Avalon memory-mapped agent interface is not turned on, specify the color space and chroma sampling in the Video color space and Video chroma sampling parameters respectively.

If the Protocol Convert IP converts from Intel FPGA Streaming Video to Avalon Streaming Video, turn on the Avalon memory-mapped agent interface and do not use the parameters. If the Protocol Convert IP converts from Avalon Streaming Video to Intel FPGA Streaming Video, the Avalon memory-mapped agent interface is optional. If you know the color space and chroma sampling are fixed for the system, you can opt to turn off the agent interface and specify the color space and chroma sampling via the parameters. If the color space and chroma sampling may vary at run time, turn on the agent interface and specify the values in the register map.

For conversions both ways, the IP gates the color plane swap for YCbCr 4:4:4 formatted data by the YCbCr 444 color swap parameter. You must turn on this option for the IP to apply the color plane swap.

4:2:0 chroma sampled video

Avalon streaming video requires you to declare a fixed number of color planes per pixel. The packing of 4:2:0 color planes does not fully align with this definition of a pixel. 4 luma samples exist for every pair of Cb and Cr samples, so the effective number of color planes per pixel is 1.5 (1 luma sample and ½ a chroma sample). You cannot configure Avalon streaming video to have 1.5 colors per pixel, so the IP packs two luma samples with each chroma to make an atom of transport on the Avalon streaming video interface. The Avalon streaming video protocol considers this group of three color planes to be a pixel, even though it contains 2 luma samples and is effectively 2 pixels. The width value reported in the control packet counts the number of 3 color plane groups that interface treats as a pixel, so the width value reported is always half the actual field width for 4:2:0 sampled data.

Both variants of Intel FPGA streaming video protocol pack two luma samples into an atom of transport that you consider a pixel in 4:4:4 or 4:2:2 sampling. The protocol similarly defines chroma sampling. The field width specified in the image information packets (when using the full variant of Intel FPGA streaming video) and the register map is always the true field width.

The protocol converter IP requires you to specify the chroma sampling and automatically doubles or halves the reported widths where required.

End of field detection in Intel FPGA streaming video lite

For Avalon Streaming Video, the endofpacket signal marks the end of each video frame that is asserted on the final pixel of the video data packet.

In Avalon Streaming Video, you cannot transmit the final pixel of each frame until you are certain that it is the final pixel, otherwise you risk driving the endofpacket signal incorrectly.

For Intel FPGA Streaming Video the end of each frame is inferred by receiving the start-of-frame marker for the next frame, which is explicitly indicated in the protocol. You might see potential latency issues when converting from Intel FPGA Streaming Video to Avalon Streaming Video. The IP cannot transmit the final pixel of each frame at the output until it receives the first pixel of the next frame at the input. When converting to Intel FPGA streaming video full, the IP cannot send the EOF packet for a given frame until it sees the first pixel of the next frame.

If the video application has no significant blanking (delay) between the last pixel of one frame and the first pixel of the next frame, the IP gives little or no delay in sending out the final pixel of each frame (Avalon streaming video) or end of frame packet (Intel FPGA streaming video full). If the application does have significant blanking, the delay to transmit the final pixel or end of frame may be too long. The Protocol Converter IP includes an option to remove this delay.

If you turn on Low latency mode, the Protocol Converter IP transmits the Avalon Streaming Video frame endofpacket or Intel FPGA streaming video full EOF packet according to the number of lines it expects in each frame, as you specify in the register map. The Intel FPGA Streaming Video protocol transmits each line of video data as a packet, so the IP terminates the output frame at the end of the input packet for the specified number of lines. If the IP receives any additional lines, the IP discards them and does not transmit them at the output.

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