Video and Vision Processing Suite Intel® FPGA IP User Guide

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ID 683329
Date 6/26/2023
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite 2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs 3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description 4. Video and Vision Processing IP Interfaces 5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers 6. Video and Vision Processing IPs Software Programming Model 7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP 8. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP 9. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP 10. Bits per Color Sample Adapter Intel FPGA IP 11. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP 12. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP 13. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP 14. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP 15. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP 16. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP 17. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP 18. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP 19. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP 20. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP 21. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP 22. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP 23. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP 24. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP 25. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP 26. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP 27. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP 28. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP 29. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP 30. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP 31. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP 32. Switch Intel® FPGA IP 33. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP 34. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP 35. Video and Vision Monitor Intel FPGA IP 36. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP 37. Video Frame Reader Intel FPGA IP 38. Video Frame Writer Intel FPGA IP 39. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP 40. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP 41. Warp Intel® FPGA IP 42. Design Security 43. Document Revision History for Video and Vision Processing Suite User Guide
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite x
1.1. Video and Vision Processing IPs Features 1.2. Device Family Support 1.3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Release Information 1.4. Lite versus Full IP Variants 1.5. Glossary of Video and Vision Terminology
2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs x
2.1. Video and Vision Processing IP Evaluation Time-out Behavior 2.2. Generating a Video and Vision Processing IP 2.3. Simulating the Video and Vision Processing IPs
3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description x
3.1. Auxiliary Control Packets 3.2. Latency 3.3. IP Debugging Features 3.4. Stall Behavior and Error Recovery 3.5. Avalon Streaming Video Protocol Versus Intel FPGA Streaming Video Protocol
5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers x
5.1. Video and Vision Processing IP Control Examples
7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
7.1. About the Protocol Converter IP 7.2. Protocol Converter IP Parameters 7.3. Protocol Converter IP Functional Description 7.4. Protocol Converter IP Interfaces 7.5. Protocol Converter IP Registers 7.6. Protocol Converter IP Software API
7.1. About the Protocol Converter IP x
7.1.1. Protocol Converter IP Performance and Resources
8. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP x
8.1. About the 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP 8.2. 3D LUT IP Parameters 8.3. 3D LUT IP Block Description 8.4. 3D LUT IP Registers 8.5. 3D LUT IP Software API
8.1. About the 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP x
8.1.1. 3D LUT IP Features 8.1.2. 3D LUT IP Performance IP and Resource Information
8.3. 3D LUT IP Block Description x
8.3.1. 3D LUT IP Interfaces 8.3.2. 3D LUT IP Latency
9. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP x
9.1. About the AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP 9.2. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Parameters 9.3. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Interfaces
9.1. About the AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP x
9.1.1. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Features 9.1.2. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Performance and Resources
10. Bits per Color Sample Adapter Intel FPGA IP x
10.1. About the Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP 10.2. Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP Parameters 10.3. Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP Interfaces
10.1. About the Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP x
10.1.1. Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP Performance and Resources
11. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP x
11.1. About the Chroma Key IP 11.2. Chroma Key IP Parameters 11.3. Chroma Key IP Interfaces 11.4. Chroma Key Replacement 11.5. Chroma Key IP Registers 11.6. Chroma Key IP Software API
11.1. About the Chroma Key IP x
11.1.1. Chroma Key IP Performance and Resources
12. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP x
12.1. About the Chroma Resampler IP 12.2. Chroma Resampler IP Parameters 12.3. Chroma Resampler IP Functional Description 12.4. Chroma Resampler IP Registers 12.5. Chroma Resampler IP Software API
12.1. About the Chroma Resampler IP x
12.1.1. Chroma Resampler Performance and Resources
12.3. Chroma Resampler IP Functional Description x
12.3.1. Chroma Resampler IP Interfaces
13. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP x
13.1. About the Clipper IP 13.2. Clipper IP Parameters 13.3. Clipper IP Interfaces 13.4. Clipper IP Registers 13.5. Clipper IP Software API
13.1. About the Clipper IP x
13.1.1. Clipper IP Performance and Resources
14. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP x
14.1. About the Clocked Video Input IP 14.2. Initializing the Clocked Video Input IP 14.3. Clocked Video Input IP Parameters 14.4. Clocked Video Input IP Interfaces 14.5. Clocked Video Input IP Registers 14.6. Clocked Video Input IP Software API
14.1. About the Clocked Video Input IP x
14.1.1. Clocked Video Input IP Features 14.1.2. Clocked Video Input IP Performance and Resources
15. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
15.1. About the Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter IP 15.2. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Parameters 15.3. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Block Description 15.4. Clocked Video Converter to Full-Raster IP Registers
15.1. About the Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter IP x
15.1.1. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Features 15.1.2. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Performance and Resources
15.3. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Block Description x
15.3.1. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Interfaces
16. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP x
16.1. About the Clocked Video Output IP 16.2. Clocked Video Output IP Parameters 16.3. Clocked Video Output IP Functional Description 16.4. Clocked Video Output IP Interfaces 16.5. Clocked Video Output IP Registers 16.6. Clocked Video Output IP Software API
16.1. About the Clocked Video Output IP x
16.1.1. Clocked Video Output IP Performance and Resources 16.1.2. Clocked Video Output IP Features
17. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
17.1. About the Color Space Converter IP 17.2. Color Space Converter IP Parameters 17.3. Color Space Converter IP Functional Description 17.4. Color Space Converter IP Registers 17.5. Color Space Converter IP Software API
17.1. About the Color Space Converter IP x
17.1.1. Color Space Converter IP Features 17.1.2. Color Space Converter IP Performance and Resources
17.3. Color Space Converter IP Functional Description x
17.3.1. Color Space Converter IP Interfaces
18. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP x
18.1. About the Deinterlacer IP 18.2. Deinterlacer Parameters 18.3. Deinterlacer Interfaces 18.4. Deinterlacer IP Registers 18.5. Deinterlacer IP Software API
18.1. About the Deinterlacer IP x
18.1.1. Deinterlacer Performance and Resources
19. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP x
19.1. About the FIR Filter 19.2. FIR Filter Parameters 19.3. FIR Filter IP Operation 19.4. FIR Filter Interfaces 19.5. FIR Filter Registers 19.6. FIR Filter IP Software API
19.1. About the FIR Filter x
19.1.1. FIR Filter IP Performance and Resources
19.3. FIR Filter IP Operation x
19.3.1. FIR Filter Processing 19.3.2. FIR Filter Precision 19.3.3. FIR Coefficient Specification 19.3.4. FIR Filter Symmetry 19.3.5. Result to Output Data Type Conversion
19.3.4. FIR Filter Symmetry x
19.3.4.1. No Symmetry 19.3.4.2. Horizontal Symmetry 19.3.4.3. Vertical Symmetry 19.3.4.4. Horizontal and Vertical Symmetry 19.3.4.5. Diagonal Symmetry
20. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP x
20.1. About the Frame Cleaner IP 20.2. Frame Cleaner IP Parameters 20.3. Frame Cleaner IP Functional Description 20.4. Frame Cleaner IP Interfaces 20.5. Frame Cleaner IP Registers 20.6. Frame Cleaner IP Software API
20.1. About the Frame Cleaner IP x
20.1.1. Frame Cleaner IP Performance and Resources
21. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
21.1. About the Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter 21.2. Full Raster to Clocked Video Converter Parameters 21.3. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Block Description 21.4. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Registers
21.1. About the Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter x
21.1.1. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Features 21.1.2. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Performance and Resource Utilization
21.3. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Block Description x
21.3.1. Full Raster to Clocked Video Converter Interfaces
22. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
22.1. About the Full-Raster to Streaming Converter IP 22.2. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Parameters 22.3. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Block Description
22.1. About the Full-Raster to Streaming Converter IP x
22.1.1. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Features 22.1.2. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Performance and Resources
22.3. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Block Description x
22.3.1. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Interfaces
23. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP x
23.1. About the Genlock Controller IP 23.2. Genlock Controller IP Parameters 23.3. Genlock Controller IP Functional Description 23.4. Using Genlock Controller IP Software 23.5. Genlock Controller IP Registers 23.6. Genlock Controller IP Software API
23.1. About the Genlock Controller IP x
23.1.1. Genlock Controller IP Performance and Resources
23.3. Genlock Controller IP Functional Description x
23.3.1. Genlock Controller IP Interfaces
23.4. Using Genlock Controller IP Software x
23.4.1. Achieving Genlock Controller Free Running (for Initialization or from Lock to Reference Clock N) 23.4.2. Locking to Reference Clock N (from Genlock Controller IP free running) 23.4.3. Setting the VCXO hold over 23.4.4. Restarting the Genlock Controller IP 23.4.5. Locking to Reference Clock N New (from Locking to Reference Clock N Old) 23.4.6. Changing to Reference Clock or VCXO Base Frequencies (switch between p50 and p59.94 video formats and vice-versa) 23.4.7. Disturbing a Reference Clock (a cable pull)
24. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP x
24.1. About the Generic Crosspoint IP 24.2. Generic Crosspoint IP Parameters 24.3. Generic Crosspoint IP Interfaces 24.4. Generic Crosspoint IP Registers 24.5. Generic Crosspoint IP Software API
24.1. About the Generic Crosspoint IP x
24.1.1. Generic Crosspoint IP Features 24.1.2. Generic Crosspoint Performance and Resources
25. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP x
25.1. About the Genlock Signal Router IP 25.2. Genlock Signal Router IP Parameters 25.3. Genlock Signal Router IP Interfaces 25.4. Genlock Signal Router IP Registers 25.5. Genlock Signal Router IP Software API
25.1. About the Genlock Signal Router IP x
25.1.1. Genlock Signal Router IP Features 25.1.2. Genlock Signal Router IP Performance and Resources
26. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP x
26.1. About the Guard Bands IP 26.2. Guard Bands IP Parameters 26.3. Guard Bands IP Interfaces 26.4. Guard Bands IP Registers 26.5. Guard Bands IP Software API
26.1. About the Guard Bands IP x
26.1.1. Guard Bands IP Performance and Resources
27. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP x
27.1. About the Interlacer IP 27.2. Interlacer IP Parameters 27.3. Interlacer IP Functional Description 27.4. Interlacer IP Registers 27.5. Interlacer IP Software API
27.1. About the Interlacer IP x
27.1.1. Interlacer IP Performance and Resources
27.3. Interlacer IP Functional Description x
27.3.1. Interlacer IP Interfaces
28. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP x
28.1. About the Mixer IP 28.2. Mixer IP Parameters 28.3. Mixer IP Functional Description 28.4. Mixer IP Registers 28.5. Mixer IP Software API
28.1. About the Mixer IP x
28.1.1. Mixer IP Performance and Resources
28.3. Mixer IP Functional Description x
28.3.1. Mixer IP Interfaces
29. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
29.1. About the Pixels in Parallel Converter IP 29.2. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Parameters 29.3. Pixels in Parallel Converter Interfaces 29.4. Pixels in Parallel Converter Registers 29.5. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Software API
29.1. About the Pixels in Parallel Converter IP x
29.1.1. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Performance and Resources
30. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP x
30.1. About the Scaler 30.2. Scaler IP Parameters 30.3. Scaler IP Functional Description 30.4. Scaler IP Registers 30.5. Scaler IP Software API
30.1. About the Scaler x
30.1.1. Scaler IP Performance and Resources
30.2. Scaler IP Parameters x
30.2.1. Scaler Maximum Resolution
30.3. Scaler IP Functional Description x
30.3.1. Coefficient Selection 30.3.2. Coefficient Quantization 30.3.3. Filter Behavior at Edge Boundaries 30.3.4. Partial Frame Scaling 30.3.5. 422 and 420 Chroma Sampled Data Scaling 30.3.6. Scaler IP Interfaces
30.3.1. Coefficient Selection x
30.3.1.1. Updating Scaler IP Runtime Coefficients
31. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP x
31.1. About the Stream Cleaner IP 31.2. Stream Cleaner IP Parameters 31.3. Stream Cleaner IP Functional Description
31.1. About the Stream Cleaner IP x
31.1.1. Stream Cleaner IP Performance and Resources
31.3. Stream Cleaner IP Functional Description x
31.3.1. Stream Cleaner IP Interfaces
32. Switch Intel® FPGA IP x
32.1. About the Switch IP 32.2. Switch IP Parameters 32.3. Switch IP Functional Description 32.4. Switch IP Registers 32.5. Switch IP Software API
32.1. About the Switch IP x
32.1.1. Switch IP Performance and Resources
32.3. Switch IP Functional Description x
32.3.1. Switch IP Latency 32.3.2. Switch IP Interfaces
33. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP x
33.1. About the Tone Mapping Operator IP 33.2. TMO IP Parameters 33.3. TMO IP Block Description 33.4. TMO IP Registers 33.5. TMO IP Software API
33.1. About the Tone Mapping Operator IP x
33.1.1. TMO IP Features 33.1.2. TMO IP Performance and Resource Utilization
33.3. TMO IP Block Description x
33.3.1. TMO IP Interfaces 33.3.2. TMO IP Latency
34. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP x
34.1. About the Test Pattern Generator IP 34.2. Test Pattern Generator IP Parameters 34.3. Test Pattern Generator IP Functional Description 34.4. Test Pattern Generator IP Registers 34.5. Test Pattern Generator IP Software API
34.1. About the Test Pattern Generator IP x
34.1.1. Test Pattern Generator IP Performance and Resources
34.3. Test Pattern Generator IP Functional Description x
34.3.1. Test Pattern Generator IP Interfaces
35. Video and Vision Monitor Intel FPGA IP x
35.1. About the Video and Vision Monitor IP 35.2. Video and Vision Monitor IP Parameters 35.3. Video and Vision Monitor IP Functional Description 35.4. Video and Vision Monitor IP Registers 35.5. Video and Vision Monitor Software API
35.1. About the Video and Vision Monitor IP x
35.1.1. Video and Vision Monitor IP Performance and Resources
35.3. Video and Vision Monitor IP Functional Description x
35.3.1. Video and Vision Monitor IP Interfaces
36. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP x
36.1. About the Video Frame Buffer IP 36.2. Video Frame Buffer IP Parameters 36.3. Video Frame Buffer IP Functional Description 36.4. Video Frame Buffer IP Registers 36.5. Video Frame Buffer IP Software API
36.1. About the Video Frame Buffer IP x
36.1.1. Video Frame Buffer Performance and Resources
36.3. Video Frame Buffer IP Functional Description x
36.3.1. Video Frame Buffer IP Interfaces
37. Video Frame Reader Intel FPGA IP x
37.1. About the Video Frame Reader IP 37.2. Video Frame Reader IP Parameters 37.3. Video Frame Reader IP Functional Description 37.4. Video Frame Reader IP Registers 37.5. Video Frame Reader IP Software API
37.1. About the Video Frame Reader IP x
37.1.1. Video Frame Reader IP Performance and Resources
37.3. Video Frame Reader IP Functional Description x
37.3.1. Video Frame Reader IP Interfaces
38. Video Frame Writer Intel FPGA IP x
38.1. About the Video Buffer Writer IP 38.2. Video Frame Writer IP Parameters 38.3. Video Frame Writer IP Functional Description 38.4. Video Frame Writer IP Registers 38.5. Video Frame Writer IP Software API
38.1. About the Video Buffer Writer IP x
38.1.1. Video Frame Writer IP Performance and Resources
38.3. Video Frame Writer IP Functional Description x
38.3.1. Video Frame Writer IP Interfaces
39. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP x
39.1. About the Video Streaming FIFO IP 39.2. Video Streaming FIFO IP Parameters 39.3. Video Streaming FIFO IP Interfaces
39.1. About the Video Streaming FIFO IP x
39.1.1. Video Streaming FIFO IP Performance and Resources
40. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP x
40.1. About the Video Timing Generator IP 40.2. Video Timing Generator IP Parameters 40.3. Video Timing Generator IP Functional Description 40.4. Video Timing Generator IP Interfaces 40.5. Video Timing Generator IP Registers 40.6. Video Timing Generator IP Software API
40.1. About the Video Timing Generator IP x
40.1.1. Video Timing Generator IP Features 40.1.2. Video Timing Generator IP Performance and Resources
41. Warp Intel® FPGA IP x
41.1. About the Warp IP 41.2. Warp IP Parameters 41.3. Warp IP Block Description 41.4. Warp IP Registers 41.5. Warp IP Software API
41.1. About the Warp IP x
41.1.1. Warp IP Features 41.1.2. Warp IP Performance and Resource Utilization
41.3. Warp IP Block Description x
Coefficient Tables Warp Mesh Interpolation Output Pixel Interpolation and Filtering Blank Skip Regions Easy Warp Single Memory Bounce Single Memory Bounce Cache Example 41.3.1. Block Cache Tool 41.3.2. Warp IP Interfaces 41.3.3. Warp IP Latency 41.3.4. External Memory for Warp IP
41.5. Warp IP Software API x
41.5.1. Using Warp IP Software 41.5.2. Warp IP Software Code Examples
42. Design Security x
42.1. Memory Subsystems 42.2. Considering Design Security
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite
2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs
3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description
4. Video and Vision Processing IP Interfaces
5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers
6. Video and Vision Processing IPs Software Programming Model
7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP
8. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP
9. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP
10. Bits per Color Sample Adapter Intel FPGA IP
11. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP
12. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP
13. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP
14. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP
15. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP
16. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP
17. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP
18. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP
19. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP
20. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP
21. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP
22. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP
23. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP
24. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP
25. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP
26. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP
27. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP
28. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP
29. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP
30. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP
31. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP
32. Switch Intel® FPGA IP
33. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP
34. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP
35. Video and Vision Monitor Intel FPGA IP
36. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP
37. Video Frame Reader Intel FPGA IP
38. Video Frame Writer Intel FPGA IP
39. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP
40. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP
41. Warp Intel® FPGA IP
42. Design Security
43. Document Revision History for Video and Vision Processing Suite User Guide

41.3. Warp IP Block Description

The Warp IP accepts RGB or YUV format video input from its Intel FPGA streaming video interface and directly stores the video data in external memory. The video input process has a pool of four frame buffers that it uses to store the incoming video data. The IP accesses the buffers in a cyclic order.

The video output process generates RGB or YUV format Intel FPGA streaming video using the warped image data.

The IP generates arbitrary warps based on a transform mesh. If you turn on Use easy warp, it offers a fixed set of transforms (rotations and mirroring) without the transform mesh. If you turn off Use easy warp, the IP processes the buffered input video by the configured number of warp engines to apply the required warp. Three coefficient tables control the warp engines to define the warp that the IP applies. External memory stores the three coefficient tables that are generated using the Warp IP software API.

The IP defines the required warp with a backward mapping from the output to the input pixel positions. It represents the warp as a subsampled mesh that defines the mapping in 8x8 regions. For output pixel mappings within the 8x8 positions, the warp engine applies bilinear interpolation.

If you turn off Use single memory bounce, the IP operates with two bounces through external memory. The IP buffers the input video and it writes back the resultant warped image to external memory into one of two output video buffers. The IP writes to these dual output buffers alternately. The IP reads the warped image in the output video buffers and passes out of the IP.

If you turn on Use single memory bounce, the IP operates with just a single bounce through external memory—the buffering of the input video. The IP transfers the resultant warped image directly to the video output process without passing through external memory.

Figure 96. Warp IP block diagram (Double Memory Bounce)

The figure shows a high-level block diagram for the Warp IP with its connection to external memory when Use single memory bounce is off. In this configuration, the engines read and write video data through the external memory.

Figure 97. Warp IP block diagram (Single Memory Bounce)The figure shows a high-level block diagram for the Warp IP with its connection to external memory when Use single memory bounce is on. In this configuration, the engines only read video data from the external memory. The engines transmit their video data directly to the output process without the data passing through external memory.
Figure 98. Warp image transform examplesFrom left: arbitrary warp with a 5x5 array of control points, four corner warp with some radial distortion.

Coefficient Tables

Each engine within the Warp IP has read access to its own set of three coefficient tables that define and control the image transform that the IP applies. The three different tables are:

  • Mesh coefficients that define the output to input pixel transform
  • Fetch coefficients that control the loading of the input image into the cache memory within the engine(s).
  • Filter coefficients that control the mapping from the cache memory as the IP generates the interpolated or filtered output pixels.

The format of the mesh coefficients is different to the mesh data that you provide to the software API. The Software API uses 32-bit signed integers for the mesh values; the Warp IP uses a 16-bit offset binary format.

The IP needs just the mesh data to define the warp. The software API uses this mesh data to generate the required coefficient tables.

Warp Mesh Interpolation

The IP defines the warp transform using an 8x8 subsampled mesh. This mesh defines the mapping from the output pixel positions to the corresponding input pixel positions. The 8x8 subsampled mesh requires that only the mappings for the following output pixel positions are defined: 

(0,0), (8,0), (16,0) … (W, 0)
(0,8), (8,8), (16,8) … (W, 8)
.
(0,H), (8, H), (16, H) … (W, H)

where W=8*ceil(image width/8) and H=8*ceil(image height/8)

To generate the output pixel positions that lie in between these 8x8 positions, the Warp IP uses bilinear interpolation.

Output Pixel Interpolation and Filtering

The IP generates output pixels with the pixel data from the associated input pixel positions as defined by the warp that the IP applies. The IP generates output pixel values with a bicubic interpolation calculation using a 4x4 kernel of the associated input pixel values.

The weightings for the interpolation over the 4x4 kernel are a combination of a bicubic function and a variable low pass filtering function. The software API automatically applies low pass filtering, which it bases on the amount of downscaling that results for that particular region of the warp.

Blank Skip Regions

When you configure the Warp IP to substantially downscale regions of an image, large areas of the output image can map to points outside the input image. These unmapped regions result in the IP producing black.

Because these regions in the output image do not require any processing of the input image by the Warp IP, for efficiency the IP skips the processing associated with these regions. This skipping process is setup automatically by the software API which determines, from the desired warp mapping, which regions the IP skips. You see this behavior only when Use single memory bounce is off.

Easy Warp

When you turn on Use easy warp:

  • The IP supports rotations of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° and you can apply a horizontal mirror operation before the selected rotation.
  • The IP does not configure any engines.
  • The IP applies the required rotational or mirrored transform by the video output block as it reads data from external memory.
  • The IP does not require any processing engines, giving resource savings and memory bandwidth savings.

For easy warp rotations of 0 or 180°, the maximum input width dimension must not exceed the maximum output width. You set the maximum width with the Maximum output video width parameter. For easy warp rotations of 90° or 270°, the transposing of vertical and horizontal dimensions places restrictions on the input resolution.

Table 824.  Input Resolution Restrictions for 90° or 270°
Maximum Output Video Width Input Height Restriction
2048 1088
3840 2176
Figure 99. Warp IP block diagram (Easy Warp)

The figure shows a high-level block diagram for the Warp IP with Use Easy warp with its connection to external memory.

Figure 100. Easy Warp image transform examplesFrom top left clockwise: original image, mirrored, 90° rotate and 180° rotate.

Single Memory Bounce

Generally, turning on Use single memory bounce gives reduced memory bandwidth compared to when it is off. However, single memory bounce may require larger internal RAM. The RAM usage depends on the specific warp transform. For some transforms the IP requires larger amounts of cache. Any increased cache requirement requires increased internal block RAM usage.

With Use single memory bounce on, three cache size options are available: 256, 512 and 1024 cache blocks per engine. With Use single memory bounce off, the IP has a fixed cache size of 256 cache blocks per engine.

Whether you turn on Use single memory bounce depends on the actual transform the IP performs. Intel provides a software tool that determines how much cache the IP needs to process the desired transform. You provide the tool with information such as the input and output resolutions, the transform required, and the number of engines to use. The tool then provides guidance on how much cache to use to process the transform.

For information on the Warp block cache tool, refer to Block Cache Tool. For information on the memory bandwidth implications of running with a single memory bounce, refer to External Memory for Warp IP.

Single Memory Bounce Cache Example

An example of cache usage is given based on a 45 degree rotation with UHD input and output resolutions at 60 fps on an Intel Arria 10 device. This throughput requires that the IP uses two engines.

With Use single memory bounce off, the block RAM usage by the IP is 365 M20Ks.

With Use single memory bounce on, the IP requires 512 cache blocks per engine because of the constraints of the 45 degree rotation. This cache block requirement translates to a block RAM usage of 407 M20Ks.

Table 825.  Block RAM Usage – UHD 45 Degree Rotate
Use single memory bounce Cache blocks per engine Total block RAM usage
On 512 407
Off 256 (fixed) 365

Section Content
Block Cache Tool
Warp IP Interfaces
Warp IP Latency
External Memory for Warp IP

Related Information
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