R-Tile Avalon® Streaming Intel® FPGA IP for PCI Express* User Guide

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Date 4/10/2024
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. About the R-Tile Avalon® Streaming Intel® FPGA IP for PCI Express 2. IP Architecture and Functional Description 3. Advanced Features 4. Interfaces 5. Parameters 6. Troubleshooting/Debugging 7. R-Tile Avalon® Streaming Intel® FPGA IP for PCI Express* User Guide Archives 8. Document Revision History for the R-Tile Avalon® Streaming Intel® FPGA IP for PCI Express* User Guide A. Configuration Space Registers B. Root Port Enumeration C. Implementation of Address Translation Services (ATS) in Endpoint Mode D. Packets Forwarded to the User Application in TLP Bypass Mode E. Margin Masks for the R-Tile Avalon Streaming Intel FPGA IP for PCI Express
1. About the R-Tile Avalon® Streaming Intel® FPGA IP for PCI Express x
1.1. Overview 1.2. Features 1.3. Release Information 1.4. Device Family Support 1.5. Performance and Resource Utilization 1.6. IP Core Support Levels
1.1. Overview x
1.1.1. Standards and Specifications Compliance
1.2. Features x
1.2.1. Multifunction and Virtualization Features
2. IP Architecture and Functional Description x
2.1. Overview 2.2. PCIe Hard IP Mode 2.3. PIPE Direct Mode
2.2. PCIe Hard IP Mode x
2.2.1. Clocking 2.2.2. Reset 2.2.3. PCI Express Protocol Stack
2.2.2. Reset x
2.2.2.1. Single PERST 2.2.2.2. Independent PERST Pins 2.2.2.3. Independent GPIO PERST
2.2.2.2. Independent PERST Pins x
2.2.2.2.1. REFCLK and PERST Guidelines When Using Independent PERST Pins
2.2.2.3. Independent GPIO PERST x
2.2.2.3.1. REFCLK and PERST Guidelines when Using Independent GPIO PERST
2.2.3. PCI Express Protocol Stack x
2.2.3.1. PMA 2.2.3.2. Data Link Layer Overview 2.2.3.3. Transaction Layer Overview
2.2.3.3. Transaction Layer Overview x
2.2.3.3.1. Deferrable Memory Write (DMWr)
2.3. PIPE Direct Mode x
2.3.1. Clocking 2.3.2. Reset 2.3.3. PIPE Layer
2.3.3. PIPE Layer x
2.3.3.1. Preset Mappings
3. Advanced Features x
3.1. PCIe Port Bifurcation and PHY Channel Mapping 3.2. Virtualization Support 3.3. TLP Bypass Mode
3.2. Virtualization Support x
3.2.1. SR-IOV Support 3.2.2. VirtIO Support
3.2.1. SR-IOV Support x
3.2.1.1. SR-IOV Supported Features List 3.2.1.2. Implementation 3.2.1.3. VF to PF Mapping 3.2.1.4. Function Level Reset (FLR)
3.2.1.2. Implementation x
3.2.1.2.1. VF Error Flag Interface (for x16/x8 Cores Only)
3.2.2. VirtIO Support x
3.2.2.1. VirtIO Supported Features List 3.2.2.2. Overview 3.2.2.3. Parameters 3.2.2.4. VirtIO PCI Configuration Access Interface 3.2.2.5. Registers
3.2.2.5. Registers x
3.2.2.5.1. VirtIO Common Configuration Capability Register (Address: 0x012) 3.2.2.5.2. VirtIO Common Configuration BAR Indicator Register (Address: 0x013) 3.2.2.5.3. VirtIO Common Configuration BAR Offset Register (Address: 0x014) 3.2.2.5.4. VirtIO Common Configuration Structure Length Register (Address 0x015) 3.2.2.5.5. VirtIO Notifications Capability Register (Address: 0x016) 3.2.2.5.6. VirtIO Notifications BAR Indicator Register (Address: 0x017) 3.2.2.5.7. VirtIO Notifications BAR Offset Register (Address: 0x018) 3.2.2.5.8. VirtIO Notifications Structure Length Register (Address: 0x019) 3.2.2.5.9. VirtIO Notifications Notify Off Multiplier Register (Address: 0x01A) 3.2.2.5.10. VirtIO ISR Status Capability Register (Address: 0x02F) 3.2.2.5.11. VirtIO ISR Status BAR Indicator Register (Address: 0x030) 3.2.2.5.12. VirtIO ISR Status BAR Offset Register (Address: 0x031) 3.2.2.5.13. VirtIO ISR Status Structure Length Register (Address: 0x032) 3.2.2.5.14. VirtIO Device Specific Capability Register (Address: 0x033) 3.2.2.5.15. VirtIO Device Specific BAR Indicator Register (Address: 0x034) 3.2.2.5.16. VirtIO Device Specific BAR Offset Register (Address 0x035) 3.2.2.5.17. VirtIO Device Specific Structure Length Register (Address: 0x036) 3.2.2.5.18. VirtIO PCI Configuration Access Capability Register (Address: 0x037) 3.2.2.5.19. VirtIO PCI Configuration Access BAR Indicator Register (Address: 0x038) 3.2.2.5.20. VirtIO PCI Configuration Access BAR Offset Register (Address: 0x039) 3.2.2.5.21. VirtIO PCI Configuration Access Structure Length Register (Address: 0x03A) 3.2.2.5.22. VirtIO PCI Configuration Access Data Register (Address: 0x03B)
3.3. TLP Bypass Mode x
3.3.1. Overview 3.3.2. Register Settings for the TLP Bypass Mode 3.3.3. Hard IP Reconfiguration Interface 3.3.4. Avalon® Streaming Interface
3.3.2. Register Settings for the TLP Bypass Mode x
3.3.2.1. TLPBYPASS_ERR_EN (Address 0x1314) 3.3.2.2. TLPBYPASS_ERR_STATUS (Address 0x1310)
3.3.4. Avalon® Streaming Interface x
3.3.4.1. Configuration TLP 3.3.4.2. Transmit Interface 3.3.4.3. Receive Interface 3.3.4.4. Malformed TLP 3.3.4.5. ECRC
4. Interfaces x
4.1. Clocks and Resets 4.2. Serial Data Interface 4.3. PCI Express Mode 4.4. PIPE Direct Mode
4.1. Clocks and Resets x
4.1.1. Clocks 4.1.2. Resets
4.3. PCI Express Mode x
4.3.1. Avalon® Streaming Interface 4.3.2. Precision Time Measurement (PTM) Interface (Endpoint Only) 4.3.3. Interrupt Interface 4.3.4. Hard IP Reconfiguration Interface 4.3.5. Error Interface 4.3.6. Completion Timeout Interface 4.3.7. Configuration Intercept Interface 4.3.8. Power Management Interface 4.3.9. Hard IP Status Interface 4.3.10. Page Request Services (PRS) Interface (Endpoint Only) 4.3.11. Function-Level Reset (FLR) Interface (Endpoint Only) 4.3.12. SR-IOV VF Error Flag Interface (Endpoint Only) 4.3.13. General Purpose VSEC Interface
4.3.1. Avalon® Streaming Interface x
4.3.1.1. TLP Header and Data Alignment for the Avalon® streaming RX and TX Interfaces 4.3.1.2. Credit Control 4.3.1.3. Avalon® Streaming RX Interface 4.3.1.4. Avalon® Streaming TX Interface 4.3.1.5. Tag Allocation
4.3.1.2. Credit Control x
4.3.1.2.1. Credit Interface - Data and Header 4.3.1.2.2. Credit Initialization 4.3.1.2.3. Credit Update/Release 4.3.1.2.4. RX Flow Control Interface 4.3.1.2.5. TX Flow Control Interface
4.3.1.3. Avalon® Streaming RX Interface x
4.3.1.3.1. Application Logic Guidelines for the Avalon Streaming RX Interface
4.3.1.4. Avalon® Streaming TX Interface x
4.3.1.4.1. Application Logic Guidelines for the Avalon Streaming TX Interface 4.3.1.4.2. Avalon® Streaming TX Interface pX_tx_st_ready_o Behavior
4.3.1.5. Tag Allocation x
4.3.1.5.1. Completion Buffer Size
4.3.3. Interrupt Interface x
4.3.3.1. Legacy Interrupts 4.3.3.2. MSI 4.3.3.3. MSI-X
4.3.3.3. MSI-X x
4.3.3.3.1. Implementing MSI-X Interrupts
4.3.8. Power Management Interface x
4.3.8.1. D3Hot Entry 4.3.8.2. D3Hot Exit 4.3.8.3. D3Cold Entry 4.3.8.4. D3Cold Exit
4.3.8.2. D3Hot Exit x
4.3.8.2.1. D3Hot Exit Initiated by Host 4.3.8.2.2. D3Hot Exit Initiated by EP
4.4. PIPE Direct Mode x
4.4.1. Data Signals 4.4.2. Command and Status Signals 4.4.3. Message Bus Signals 4.4.4. Deskew Signals 4.4.5. PIPE Direct Reset Sequence 4.4.6. PIPE Direct Speed Change 4.4.7. PIPE Lane Reset Staggering 4.4.8. Unused Lanes in PIPE Direct Mode
4.4.1. Data Signals x
4.4.1.1. Transmit Signals 4.4.1.2. Receive Signals
4.4.4. Deskew Signals x
4.4.4.1. MAC to PHY (M2P) Signals 4.4.4.2. PHY to MAC (P2M) Signals
5. Parameters x
5.1. Top-Level Settings 5.2. Core Parameters
5.2. Core Parameters x
5.2.1. Avalon Parameters 5.2.2. Base Address Registers 5.2.3. PCI Express and PCI Capabilities Parameters
5.2.3. PCI Express and PCI Capabilities Parameters x
5.2.3.1. Device Capabilities 5.2.3.2. VirtIO Parameters 5.2.3.3. Link Capabilities 5.2.3.4. Legacy Interrupt Pin Register 5.2.3.5. MSI Capabilities 5.2.3.6. MSI-X Capabilities 5.2.3.7. Slot Capabilities 5.2.3.8. Latency Tolerance Reporting (LTR) 5.2.3.9. Process Address Space ID (PASID) 5.2.3.10. Device Serial Number Capability 5.2.3.11. Page Request Service (PRS) 5.2.3.12. Access Control Service (ACS) 5.2.3.13. Power Management 5.2.3.14. Vendor Specific Extended Capability (VSEC) Registers 5.2.3.15. TLP Processing Hints (TPH) 5.2.3.16. Address Translation Services (ATS) Capabilities 5.2.3.17. Precision Time Measurement (PTM)
6. Troubleshooting/Debugging x
6.1. Hardware Debug 6.2. Operating System Tools and Utilities 6.3. Signal Tap Logic Analyzer 6.4. Using the Hard IP Reconfiguration Interface for Debugging 6.5. Other Interfaces That Can Be Used for Debug Activities 6.6. Debug Toolkit
6.1. Hardware Debug x
6.1.1. Debugging Link Training Issues 6.1.2. Debugging Device Enumeration Issues 6.1.3. Debugging Data Transfer and Performance Issues
6.1.3. Debugging Data Transfer and Performance Issues x
6.1.3.1. Advanced Error Reporting (AER)
6.2. Operating System Tools and Utilities x
6.2.1. Using lspci Utility to Read Negotiated Link Speed
6.4. Using the Hard IP Reconfiguration Interface for Debugging x
6.4.1. Using the Hard IP Reconfiguration Interface to Enable and Read ECRC and LCRC Error Counts
6.6. Debug Toolkit x
6.6.1. Overview 6.6.2. Enabling the R-Tile Debug Toolkit 6.6.3. Launching the R-Tile Debug Toolkit 6.6.4. Using the R-Tile Debug Toolkit
6.6.4. Using the R-Tile Debug Toolkit x
6.6.4.1. R-Tile Information 6.6.4.2. Event Counters 6.6.4.3. Link Inspector 6.6.4.4. Configuration Space 6.6.4.5. Channel Parameters
6.6.4.5. Channel Parameters x
6.6.4.5.1. General PHY 6.6.4.5.2. Tx Path 6.6.4.5.3. Rx Path 6.6.4.5.4. Lane Margining
C. Implementation of Address Translation Services (ATS) in Endpoint Mode x
C.1. Sending Translated/Untranslated Requests C.2. Sending a Page Request Message from the Endpoint (EP) to the Root Complex (RC) C.3. Invalidating Requests/Completions
D. Packets Forwarded to the User Application in TLP Bypass Mode x
D.1. Upstream TLP Bypass Mode D.2. Downstream TLP Bypass Mode
E. Margin Masks for the R-Tile Avalon Streaming Intel FPGA IP for PCI Express x
E.1. Margin Masks Overview E.2. 5x5 Testing Efficiency E.3. Debug Toolkit Margin Methodology
E.2. 5x5 Testing Efficiency x
E.2.1. First Time Testing E.2.2. Spot Check Testing
E.3. Debug Toolkit Margin Methodology x
E.3.1. Debug Toolkit Testing Process
1. About the R-Tile Avalon® Streaming Intel® FPGA IP for PCI Express
2. IP Architecture and Functional Description
3. Advanced Features
4. Interfaces
5. Parameters
6. Troubleshooting/Debugging
7. R-Tile Avalon® Streaming Intel® FPGA IP for PCI Express* User Guide Archives
8. Document Revision History for the R-Tile Avalon® Streaming Intel® FPGA IP for PCI Express* User Guide
A. Configuration Space Registers
B. Root Port Enumeration
C. Implementation of Address Translation Services (ATS) in Endpoint Mode
D. Packets Forwarded to the User Application in TLP Bypass Mode
E. Margin Masks for the R-Tile Avalon Streaming Intel FPGA IP for PCI Express

B. Root Port Enumeration

This chapter provides a flow chart that explains the Root Port enumeration process.

The goal of enumeration is to find all connected devices in the system and for each connected device, set the necessary registers and make address range assignments.

At the end of the enumeration process, the Root Port (RP) must set the following registers:
  • Primary Bus, Secondary Bus and Subordinate Bus numbers
  • Memory Base and Limit
  • IO Base and IO Limit
  • Max Payload Size
  • Memory Space Enable bit
The Endpoint (EP) must also have the following registers set by the RP:
  • Master Enable bit
  • BAR Address
  • Max Payload Size
  • Memory Space Enable bit
  • Severity bit

The figure below shows an example tree of connected devices on which the following flow chart will be based.

Figure 75. Tree of Connected Devices in Example System
Figure 76. Root Port Enumeration Flow Chart

Figure 77. Root Port Enumeration Flow Chart (continued)

Figure 78. Root Port Enumeration Flow Chart (continued)

Notes:
  1. Vendor ID and Device ID information is located at offset 0x00h for both Header Type 0 and Header Type 1.
  2. For PCIe Gen4, the Header Type is located at offset 0x0Eh (2nd DW). If bit 0 is set to 1, it indicates the device is a Bridge; otherwise, it is an EP. If bit 7 is set to 0, it indicates this is a single-function device; otherwise, it is a multi-function device.
  3. List of capability registers for RP and non-RP devices:
    • 0x34h – Capabilities Pointers. This register is used to point to a linked list of capabilities implemented by a Function:
      1. Capabilities Pointer for RP
        1. Address 40 - Identifies the Power Management Capability ID
        2. Address 50 - Identifies MSI Capability ID
        3. Address 70 - Identifies the PCI Express Capability structure
      2. Capabilities Pointer for non-RP
        1. Address 40 - Identifies Power Management Capability ID
        2. Address 70 - Identifies the PCI Express Capability structure
  4. EP does not have an associated register of Primary, Secondary and Subordinate Bus numbers.
  5. Bridge/Switch IO Base and Limit register offset 0x1Ch. These registers are set per the PCIe 4.0 Base Specification. For more accurate information and flow, refer to chapter 7.5.1.3.6 of the Base Specification.
  6. For EP Type 0 header, BAR addresses are located at the following offsets:
    1. 0x10h – Base Address 0
    2. 0x14h – Base Address 1
    3. 0x18h – Base Address 2
    4. 0x1ch – Base Address 3
    5. 0x20h – Base Address 4
    6. 0x24h – Base Address 5
  7. For Bridge/Switch Type 1 header, BAR addresses are located at the following offsets:
    1. 0x10h – Base Address 0
    2. 0x14h – Base Address 1
  8. For Bridge/Switch Type 1 header, IO Base and IO limit registers are located at offset 0x1Ch.
  9. For Bridge/Switch Type 1 header, Non-Prefetchable Memory Base and Limit registers are located at offset 0x20h.
  10. For Bridge/Switch Type 1 header, Prefetchable Memory Base and Limit registers are located at offset 0x24h.
  11. For Bridge/Switch/EP Type 0 & 1 headers, the Bus Master Enable bit is located at offset 0x04h (Command Register) bit 2.
  12. For Bridge/Switch/EP Type 0 & 1 headers,
    1. IO Space Enable bit is located at offset 0x04h (Command Register) bit 0.
    2. Memory Space Enable bit is located at offset 0x04h (Command Register) bit 1.
    3. Bus Master Enable bit is located at offset 0x04h (Command Register) bit 2.
    4. Parity Error Response bit is located at offset 0x04h (Command Register) bit 6.
    5. SERR# Enable bit is located at offset 0x04h (Command Register) bit 8.
    6. Interrupt Disable bit is located at offset 0x04h (Command Register) bit 10.
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