External Memory Interfaces Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA IP User Guide

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ID 772538
Date 3/31/2025
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. About the External Memory Interfaces Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA IP 2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Introduction 3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Product Architecture 4. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – End-User Signals 5. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Simulating Memory IP 6. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – DDR4 Support 7. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – DDR5 Support 8. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – LPDDR5 Support 9. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Timing Closure 10. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Controller Optimization 11. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Debugging 12. Agilex™ 7 FPGA EMIF IP - Mailbox Support 13. Document Revision History for External Memory Interfaces Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA IP User Guide
1. About the External Memory Interfaces Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA IP x
1.1. Release Information
2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Introduction x
2.1. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF IP Protocol and Feature Support 2.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF IP Design Flow 2.3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF IP Design Checklist
3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Product Architecture x
3.1. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: Introduction 3.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Sequencer 3.3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Controller 3.4. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF IP Interface Protocol: Interface Width, User Access Mode, and ECC 3.5. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF IP for Hard Processor Subsystem (HPS)
3.1. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: Introduction x
3.1.1. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: I/O Subsystem 3.1.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: I/O SSM 3.1.3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: I/O Bank 3.1.4. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: I/O Lane 3.1.5. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: Input DQS Clock Tree 3.1.6. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: PHY Clock Tree 3.1.7. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: PLL Reference Clock Networks 3.1.8. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: Clock Phase Alignment 3.1.9. User Clock in Different Core Access Modes
3.1.3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Architecture: I/O Bank x
3.1.3.1. I/O Byte Lane Organization in Different Agilex™ 7 M-Series Devices 3.1.3.2. Lockstep Configuration 3.1.3.3. DDR4 Pin Placement 3.1.3.4. DDR5 Pin Placement 3.1.3.5. LPDDR5 Pin Placement 3.1.3.6. I/O Sub-Bank Usage
3.3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Controller x
3.3.1. Hard Memory Controller
3.3.1. Hard Memory Controller x
3.3.1.1. Hard Memory Controller Features
3.5. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF IP for Hard Processor Subsystem (HPS) x
3.5.1. Restrictions on I/O Bank Usage for Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF IP with HPS
3.5.1. Restrictions on I/O Bank Usage for Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF IP with HPS x
3.5.1.1. Using the Legacy EMIF Debug Toolkit with Agilex™ 7 M-Series HPS Interfaces
4. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – End-User Signals x
4.1. IP Interfaces for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.2. IP Interfaces for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.3. IP Interfaces for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.4. IP Interfaces for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.5. IP Interfaces for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5
4.1. IP Interfaces for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component x
4.1.1. s0_axi4_clock_in for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.2. s0_axi4_clock_out for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.3. s0_axi4_ctrl_ready for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.4. core_init_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.5. s0_axi4 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.6. s0_axi4lite_clock for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.7. s0_axi4lite_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.8. s0_axi4lite for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.9. mem_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.10. mem_ck_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.11. mem_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.12. oct_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component 4.1.13. ref_clk for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component
4.2. IP Interfaces for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM x
4.2.1. s0_axi4_clock_in for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.2. s0_axi4_clock_out for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.3. s0_axi4_ctrl_ready for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.4. core_init_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.5. s0_axi4 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.6. s0_axi4lite_clock for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.7. s0_axi4lite_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.8. s0_axi4lite for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.9. mem_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.10. mem_ck_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.11. mem_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.12. oct_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM 4.2.13. ref_clk for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM
4.3. IP Interfaces for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component x
4.3.1. s0_axi4_clock_in for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.2. s0_axi4_clock_out for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.3. s0_axi4_ctrl_ready for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.4. core_init_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.5. s0_axi4 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.6. s1_axi4 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.7. s0_axi4lite_clock for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.8. s0_axi4lite_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.9. s0_axi4lite for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.10. mem_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.11. mem_ck_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.12. mem_reset_n_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.13. mem_1 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.14. mem_ck_1 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.15. mem_reset_n_1 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.16. oct_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.17. oct_1 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component 4.3.18. ref_clk for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component
4.4. IP Interfaces for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM x
4.4.1. s0_axi4_clock_out for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.2. s0_axi4_ctrl_ready for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.3. s1_axi4_clock_out for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.4. s1_axi4_ctrl_ready for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.5. s0_axi4_clock_in for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.6. core_init_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.7. s0_axi4 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.8. s1_axi4 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.9. s0_axi4lite_clock for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.10. s0_axi4lite_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.11. s0_axi4lite for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.12. s1_axi4lite_clock for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.13. s1_axi4lite_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.14. s1_axi4lite for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.15. mem_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.16. mem_1 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.17. mem_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.18. mem_ck_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.19. mem_ck_1 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.20. mem_i3c for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.21. mem_lb_dq for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.22. mem_lb_dqs for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.23. oct_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.24. oct_1 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM 4.4.25. ref_clk for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM
4.5. IP Interfaces for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 x
4.5.1. s0_axi4_clock_in for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.2. core_init_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.3. s0_axi4_ctrl_ready for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.4. s0_axi4_clock_out for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.5. s1_axi4_ctrl_ready for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.6. s1_axi4_clock_out for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.7. s0_axi4 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.8. s1_axi4 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.9. s2_axi4 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.10. s3_axi4 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.11. s0_axi4lite_clock for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.12. s0_axi4lite_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.13. s0_axi4lite for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.14. s1_axi4lite_clock for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.15. s1_axi4lite_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.16. s1_axi4lite for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.17. mem_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.18. mem_ck_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.19. mem_1 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.20. mem_ck_1 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.21. mem_2 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.22. mem_ck_2 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.23. mem_3 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.24. mem_ck_3 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.25. mem_reset_n for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.26. oct_0 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.27. oct_1 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.28. oct_2 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.29. oct_3 for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 4.5.30. ref_clk for Agilex 7 M-Series External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5
5. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Simulating Memory IP x
5.1. Simulation Walkthrough
5.1. Simulation Walkthrough x
5.1.1. Calibration 5.1.2. Simulation Scripts 5.1.3. Functional Simulation with Verilog HDL 5.1.4. Simulating the Design Example
6. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – DDR4 Support x
6.1. External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 Component Parameter Descriptions 6.2. External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR4 DIMM Parameter Descriptions 6.3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Pin and Resource Planning 6.4. DDR4 Board Design Guidelines
6.3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Pin and Resource Planning x
6.3.1. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Interface Pins 6.3.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Resources 6.3.3. Pin Guidelines for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP 6.3.4. Pin Placements for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA DDR4 EMIF IP
6.3.1. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Interface Pins x
6.3.1.1. Estimating Pin Requirements 6.3.1.2. DIMM Options 6.3.1.3. Maximum Number of Interfaces
6.3.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Resources x
6.3.2.1. OCT 6.3.2.2. PLL
6.3.4. Pin Placements for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA DDR4 EMIF IP x
6.3.4.1. Address and Command Pin Placement for DDR4 6.3.4.2. DDR4 Data Width Mapping 6.3.4.3. General Guidelines - DDR4 6.3.4.4. x4 DIMM Implementation 6.3.4.5. Specific Pin Connection Requirements 6.3.4.6. Command and Address Signals 6.3.4.7. Clock Signals 6.3.4.8. Data, Data Strobes, DM/DBI, and Optional ECC Signals
6.4. DDR4 Board Design Guidelines x
6.4.1. Terminations for DDR4 with Agilex™ 7 M-Series Devices 6.4.2. General Layout Routing Guidelines 6.4.3. Reference Stackup 6.4.4. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF-Specific Routing Guidelines for Various DDR4 Topologies 6.4.5. DDR4 Routing Guidelines: Discrete (Component) Topologies
6.4.1. Terminations for DDR4 with Agilex™ 7 M-Series Devices x
6.4.1.1. Dynamic On-Chip Termination (OCT) 6.4.1.2. Dynamic On-Die Termination (ODT) in DDR4 6.4.1.3. Choosing Terminations on Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA Devices 6.4.1.4. On-Chip Termination Recommendations for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA Devices
6.4.4. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF-Specific Routing Guidelines for Various DDR4 Topologies x
6.4.4.1. One DIMM per Channel (1DPC) for UDIMM, RDIMM, and SODIMM DDR4 Topologies 6.4.4.2. Skew Matching Guidelines for DIMM Configurations 6.4.4.3. Power Delivery Recommendations for the Memory / DIMM Side
6.4.5. DDR4 Routing Guidelines: Discrete (Component) Topologies x
6.4.5.1. Single Rank and Dual Rank x 8 Discrete (Component) Topology 6.4.5.2. Single Rank x16 and Dual Rank x16 Discrete (Component) Topology 6.4.5.3. ADDR/CMD Reference Voltage/RESET Signal Routing Guidelines for Single Rank x 8 and Single Rank x 16 Discrete (Component) Topologies 6.4.5.4. Skew Matching Guidelines for DDR4 Discrete Configurations 6.4.5.5. Power Delivery Recommendations for DDR4 Discrete Configurations 6.4.5.6. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Pin Swapping Guidelines
6.4.5.6. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Pin Swapping Guidelines x
6.4.5.6.1. DDR4 Byte Lane Swapping 6.4.5.6.2. DDR4 Address and Command and CLK Lane 6.4.5.6.3. DDR4 Interface x8 Data Lane 6.4.5.6.4. DDR4 Interface x4 Data Lane 6.4.5.6.5. Pin Swizzling
7. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – DDR5 Support x
7.1. External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 Component Parameter Descriptions 7.2. External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - DDR5 DIMM Parameter Descriptions 7.3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Pin and Resource Planning 7.4. DDR5 Board Design Guidelines
7.3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Pin and Resource Planning x
7.3.1. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Interface Pins 7.3.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Resources 7.3.3. Pin Guidelines for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP 7.3.4. Pin Placements for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA DDR5 EMIF IP 7.3.5. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Pin Swapping Guidelines
7.3.1. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Interface Pins x
7.3.1.1. Estimating Pin Requirements 7.3.1.2. DIMM Options 7.3.1.3. Maximum Number of Interfaces
7.3.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Resources x
7.3.2.1. OCT 7.3.2.2. PLL
7.3.3. Pin Guidelines for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP x
7.3.3.1. General Guidelines - DDR5 7.3.3.2. x4 DIMM Implementation 7.3.3.3. Specific Pin Connection Requirements 7.3.3.4. Command and Address Signals 7.3.3.5. Clock Signals 7.3.3.6. Data, Data Strobes, DM, and Optional ECC Signals
7.3.4. Pin Placements for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA DDR5 EMIF IP x
7.3.4.1. Address and Command Pin Placement for DDR5 7.3.4.2. DDR5 Data Width Mapping
7.3.5. Agilex™ 7 M-Series EMIF Pin Swapping Guidelines x
7.3.5.1. DDR5 Byte Lane Swapping 7.3.5.2. DDR5 Address and Command and CLK Lane 7.3.5.3. DDR5 Interface x8 Data Lane 7.3.5.4. DDR5 Interface x4 Data Lane 7.3.5.5. Pin Swizzling
7.4. DDR5 Board Design Guidelines x
7.4.1. PCB Stack-up and Design Considerations 7.4.2. General Design Considerations 7.4.3. DDR Differential Signals Routing 7.4.4. Ground Plane and Return Path 7.4.5. RDIMM, UDIMM, and SODIMM Break-in Layout Guidelines 7.4.6. DRAM Break-in Layout Guidelines 7.4.7. General Notes for EMIF Routing Guidelines Tables 7.4.8. DDR5 PCB Layout Guidelines 7.4.9. DDR5 RDIMM Power Management IC 7.4.10. DDR5 Simulation Strategy
7.4.8. DDR5 PCB Layout Guidelines x
7.4.8.1. DDR5 Discrete Component/Memory Down Topology: Single Rank x8 or x16, Dual Rank x8 or x16 7.4.8.2. Routing Guidelines for DDR5 Memory Down: Single Rank or Dual Rank (x8 bit or x16 bit) Configurations 7.4.8.3. Routing Guidelines for DDR5 RDIMM, UDIMM, and SODIMM Configurations 7.4.8.4. Example of a DDR5 layout on an Altera FPGA Platform Board
8. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – LPDDR5 Support x
8.1. External Memory Interfaces (EMIF) IP - LPDDR5 Parameter Descriptions 8.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Pin and Resource Planning 8.3. LPDDR5 Board Design Guidelines
8.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Pin and Resource Planning x
8.2.1. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Interface Pins 8.2.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Resources 8.2.3. Pin Guidelines for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP 8.2.4. Pin Placements for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA LPDDR5 EMIF IP
8.2.1. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Interface Pins x
8.2.1.1. Estimating Pin Requirements 8.2.1.2. LPDDR5 Component Options 8.2.1.3. Maximum Number of Interfaces
8.2.2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP Resources x
8.2.2.1. OCT 8.2.2.2. PLL
8.2.3. Pin Guidelines for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP x
8.2.3.1. General Guidelines - LPDDR5 8.2.3.2. Specific Pin Connection Requirements 8.2.3.3. Command and Address Signals 8.2.3.4. Clock Signals
8.2.4. Pin Placements for Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA LPDDR5 EMIF IP x
8.2.4.1. Address and Command Pin Placement for LPDDR5 8.2.4.2. LPDDR5 Data Width Mapping 8.2.4.3. LPDDR5 Byte Lane Swapping
8.3. LPDDR5 Board Design Guidelines x
8.3.1. PCB Stack-up and Design Considerations 8.3.2. General Design Considerations 8.3.3. DDR Differential Signals Routing 8.3.4. Ground Plane and Return Path 8.3.5. DRAM Break-in Layout Guidelines 8.3.6. General Notes for EMIF Routing Guidelines Tables 8.3.7. LPDDR5 PCB Layout Guidelines 8.3.8. LPDDR5 Simulation Strategy
8.3.7. LPDDR5 PCB Layout Guidelines x
8.3.7.1. LPDDR5 Discrete Component/Memory Down Topology, Single Rank or Dual Rank 8.3.7.2. Routing Guidelines for LPDDR5 Memory Down Topology 8.3.7.3. Example of an LPDDR5 Layout on an Altera® FPGA Platform Board
9. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Timing Closure x
9.1. Timing Closure 9.2. Optimizing Timing
9.1. Timing Closure x
9.1.1. Timing Analysis
9.1.1. Timing Analysis x
9.1.1.1. PHY or Core
10. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Controller Optimization x
10.1. mrh_Optimizing Efficiency for Secondary Controller 10.2. Interface Standard 10.3. Bank Management Efficiency 10.4. Data Transfer 10.5. Improving Controller Efficiency
10.5. Improving Controller Efficiency x
10.5.1. Using Multiple AXI IDs 10.5.2. Frequency of Operation 10.5.3. Series of Reads or Writes 10.5.4. AXI to Memory Mapping
11. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Debugging x
11.1. Interface Configuration Performance Issues 11.2. Functional Issue Evaluation 11.3. Timing Issue Characteristics 11.4. Verifying Memory IP Using the Signal Tap Logic Analyzer 11.5. Debugging with the External Memory Interface Debug Toolkit 11.6. Generating Traffic with the Test Engine IP 11.7. Guidelines for Developing HDL for Traffic Generator 11.8. Guidelines for Traffic Generator Status Check 11.9. Hardware Debugging Guidelines 11.10. Categorizing Hardware Issues 11.11. Debugging Intermittent Issues
11.1. Interface Configuration Performance Issues x
11.1.1. Interface Configuration Bottleneck and Efficiency Issues
11.2. Functional Issue Evaluation x
11.2.1. Altera IP Memory Model 11.2.2. Vendor Memory Model 11.2.3. Transcript Window Messages
11.3. Timing Issue Characteristics x
11.3.1. Evaluating FPGA Timing Issues 11.3.2. Evaluating External Memory Interface Timing Issues
11.5. Debugging with the External Memory Interface Debug Toolkit x
11.5.1. Prerequisites for Using the EMIF Debug Toolkit 11.5.2. Configuring Your Design to Use the EMIF Debug Toolkit 11.5.3. Launching the EMIF Debug Toolkit 11.5.4. Using the EMIF Debug Toolkit
11.5.4. Using the EMIF Debug Toolkit x
11.5.4.1. Rerunning Calibration 11.5.4.2. Rerunning the Test Engine 11.5.4.3. Saving Debug Print 11.5.4.4. Calibration Reports 11.5.4.5. Driver Margining Tab 11.5.4.6. Pin Delay Settings Tab
11.8. Guidelines for Traffic Generator Status Check x
11.8.1. Status Check Using the Signal Tap Logic Analyzer 11.8.2. Exporting the Status Interface to the Top-Level Design
11.9. Hardware Debugging Guidelines x
11.9.1. Create a Simplified Design that Demonstrates the Same Issue 11.9.2. Measure Power Distribution Network 11.9.3. Measure Signal Integrity and Setup and Hold Margin 11.9.4. Vary Voltage 11.9.5. Operate at a Lower Speed 11.9.6. Determine Whether the Issue Exists in Previous Versions of Software 11.9.7. Determine Whether the Issue Exists in the Current Version of Software 11.9.8. Try A Different PCB 11.9.9. Try Other Configurations 11.9.10. Debugging Checklist
11.10. Categorizing Hardware Issues x
11.10.1. Signal Integrity Issues 11.10.2. Hardware and Calibration Issues
11.10.1. Signal Integrity Issues x
11.10.1.1. Characteristics of Signal Integrity Issues 11.10.1.2. Evaluating Signal Integrity Issues
11.10.1.2. Evaluating Signal Integrity Issues x
11.10.1.2.1. Skew 11.10.1.2.2. Crosstalk 11.10.1.2.3. Power System 11.10.1.2.4. Clock Signals 11.10.1.2.5. Address and Command Signals 11.10.1.2.6. Read Data Valid Window and Eye Diagram 11.10.1.2.7. Write Data Valid Window and Eye Diagram
11.10.2. Hardware and Calibration Issues x
11.10.2.1. Verifying High-Level Configuration 11.10.2.2. Verifying Memory Timing Parameters 11.10.2.3. Verifying the Correct Memory Component or DIMM is Installed
12. Agilex™ 7 FPGA EMIF IP - Mailbox Support x
12.1. Agilex™ 7 Mailbox Structure and Register Definitions
12.1. Agilex™ 7 Mailbox Structure and Register Definitions x
12.1.1. Mailbox Supported Commands 12.1.2. Mailbox Command Definitions 12.1.3. ECC Syndrome Codes 12.1.4. ECC Error Handling 12.1.5. Accessing Read-Only Registers 12.1.6. Sending a Mailbox Command 12.1.7. IOSSM Mailbox Access Script
12.1.5. Accessing Read-Only Registers x
12.1.5.1. Example 1: Reading IP_TYPE and IP_INSTANCE_ID of All the Interfaces in the IO96B Through Read-Only Registers 12.1.5.2. Example 2: Reading the Memory Clock Frequency for an Interface
12.1.6. Sending a Mailbox Command x
12.1.6.1. Example 3: Sending Recalibration Request and Reading Calibration Status Using the Mailbox
12.1.6.1. Example 3: Sending Recalibration Request and Reading Calibration Status Using the Mailbox x
12.1.6.1.1. Example 4: Sending ECC_INJECT_ERROR Using the Mailbox and Reading ECC Error Status, ECC Error Buffer Registers
12.1.7. IOSSM Mailbox Access Script x
12.1.7.1. Mailbox Script Overview 12.1.7.2. Running the Mailbox Script
12.1.7.1. Mailbox Script Overview x
12.1.7.1.1. mb_iossm_command.tcl 12.1.7.1.2. mb_user_input.tcl
1. About the External Memory Interfaces Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA IP
2. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Introduction
3. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Product Architecture
4. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – End-User Signals
5. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Simulating Memory IP
6. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – DDR4 Support
7. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – DDR5 Support
8. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – LPDDR5 Support
9. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Timing Closure
10. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Controller Optimization
11. Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA EMIF IP – Debugging
12. Agilex™ 7 FPGA EMIF IP - Mailbox Support
13. Document Revision History for External Memory Interfaces Agilex™ 7 M-Series FPGA IP User Guide

10.1. mrh_Optimizing Efficiency for Secondary Controller

You can encounter lower than expected efficiency for sequential access patterns on the secondary memory controller in the following EMIF configurations:
  • 2ch x16 LPDDR5 / DDR5
  • 4ch x16 LPDDR5
  • 1ch x16 of LPDDR5 / DDR5 on the top sub-bank

Asychronous Clocking Mode (Fabric Direct - User Clock Asychronous to PHY)

You can improve the efficiency for sequential access pattern on the secondary controller by increasing the AXI clock frequency. Recommendation is to set the AXI clock frequency to a higher frequency. You can further improve the efficiency of sequential write access pattern on the secondary controller by increasing the burst length as shown in the Table 1. The data shown in the table is obtained by using a 2ch x16 LPDDR5 design, running at 1066.667MHz.

Table 226.  Controller Efficiency with Different AXI Clock Frequency and Burst Length
AXI Clock Frequency (MHz) Pattern Burst Length Controller Efficiency (%)
Primary Secondary

133.333

(Equivalent to Sync Mode) 		Sequential write 2 ~90 ~40
Sequential read ~90 ~50

266.667

 Sequential write 2 ~90 ~75
Sequential read ~90 ~90
Sequential write 4 ~90 ~80
Sequential read ~90 ~90
Sequential write 8 ~90 ~90
Sequential read ~90 ~90
Sequential write 16 ~90 ~90
Sequential read ~90 ~90

Random access patterns or mixed traffic patterns can mitigate the differences in the efficiency for the primary controller and secondary controller.

Table 227.  Controller Efficiency with Different AXI Clock Frequency for Random Traffic Pattern
AXI Clock Frequency (MHz Pattern Burst Length Controller Efficiency (%)
Primary Secondary
133.333 Random write 2 ~40 ~39
Random read ~38 ~38
266.667 Random write 2 ~41 ~41
Random read ~38 ~38

With increased AXI clock frequency, the efficiency number reported by the PMON IP represents the utilization of the AXI bus instead of controller efficiency. The following equation represents the efficiency of the memory controller:

Controller efficiency = AXI transactions accepted by AXI bus / Memory Controller Bandwidth * 100 %

= ( PMON efficiency * AXI Clock Freq * 256-bit ) / (16-bit * Mem Clock Freq ) * 100%

Synchronous Clocking Mode (Fabric Direct – User Clock Synchronous to PHY)

In LPDDR5 and DDR5 memory interface, when using x16 2-channel configuration for long burst sequential access during write or read operation, performance is limited to 50% per read/write sub-channel for the secondary controller.

If your application requires high controller efficiency for sequential access pattern, it is recommended to use asynchronous clocking mode. Random access patterns or mixed traffic patterns can mitigate the differences in the efficiency for the primary controller and secondary controller.

Note that in synchronous clocking mode, the efficiency for the primary controller used for implementing a x32 DDR5/LPDDR5 memory interface has reduced performance. This is because the bandwidth for AXI bus is only half of the bandwidth for the memory controller.

AXI Bus Bandwidth = AXI Clock Freq x 256-bit = ( Memory Clock Freq / 8 ) * 256 = 32 * Memory Clock Frequency

Memory Controller Bandwidth = Memory Clock Freq * 2 * 32-bit = 64 * Memory Clock Frequency = 2 * AXI Bus Bandwidth

Level Two Title