MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS I/O User Guide

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ID 683760
Date 3/10/2025
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS I/O Overview 2. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS Architecture and Features 3. MAX® 10 LVDS Transmitter Design 4. MAX® 10 LVDS Receiver Design 5. MAX® 10 LVDS Transmitter and Receiver Design 6. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS Board Design Considerations 7. Soft LVDS Intel® FPGA IP Core References 8. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS I/O User Guide Archives 9. Document Revision History for the MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS I/O User Guide
1. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS I/O Overview x
1.1. Soft LVDS Implementation Overview
2. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS Architecture and Features x
2.1. MAX® 10 LVDS Channels Support 2.2. MAX® 10 LVDS SERDES I/O Standards Support 2.3. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS Circuitry 2.4. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS I/O Location 2.5. Differential I/O Pins in Low Speed Region
3. MAX® 10 LVDS Transmitter Design x
3.1. High-Speed I/O Transmitter Circuitry 3.2. LVDS Transmitter Programmable I/O Features 3.3. LVDS Transmitter I/O Termination Schemes 3.4. LVDS Transmitter FPGA Design Implementation 3.5. LVDS Transmitter Debug and Troubleshooting
3.2. LVDS Transmitter Programmable I/O Features x
3.2.1. Programmable Pre-Emphasis 3.2.2. Programmable Differential Output Voltage
3.3. LVDS Transmitter I/O Termination Schemes x
3.3.1. Emulated LVDS External Termination 3.3.2. Sub-LVDS Transmitter External Termination 3.3.3. SLVS Transmitter External Termination 3.3.4. Emulated RSDS, Emulated Mini-LVDS, and Emulated PPDS Transmitter External Termination
3.4. LVDS Transmitter FPGA Design Implementation x
3.4.1. Soft LVDS IP Core in Transmitter Mode 3.4.2. High-Speed I/O Timing Budget 3.4.3. Guidelines: LVDS Transmitter Channels Placement 3.4.4. Guidelines: LVDS Channels PLL Placement 3.4.5. Guidelines: LVDS Transmitter Logic Placement 3.4.6. Guidelines: Enable LVDS Pre-Emphasis for E144 Package
3.4.1. Soft LVDS IP Core in Transmitter Mode x
3.4.1.1. PLL Source Selection for Soft LVDS IP Core 3.4.1.2. Guidelines: LVDS TX Interface Using External PLL 3.4.1.3. Initializing the Soft LVDS IP Core
3.4.1.1. PLL Source Selection for Soft LVDS IP Core x
3.4.1.1.1. Instantiate Soft LVDS IP Core with Internal PLL 3.4.1.1.2. Instantiate Soft LVDS IP Core with External PLL
3.4.1.2. Guidelines: LVDS TX Interface Using External PLL x
3.4.1.2.1. ALTPLL Signal Interface with Soft LVDS Transmitter 3.4.1.2.2. Determining External PLL Clock Parameters for Soft LVDS Transmitter
3.4.2. High-Speed I/O Timing Budget x
3.4.2.1. Transmitter Channel-to-Channel Skew
3.5. LVDS Transmitter Debug and Troubleshooting x
3.5.1. Perform RTL Simulation Before Hardware Debug 3.5.2. Geometry-Based and Physics-Based I/O Rules
4. MAX® 10 LVDS Receiver Design x
4.1. High-Speed I/O Receiver Circuitry 4.2. LVDS Receiver I/O Termination Schemes 4.3. LVDS Receiver FPGA Design Implementation 4.4. LVDS Receiver Debug and Troubleshooting
4.1. High-Speed I/O Receiver Circuitry x
4.1.1. Soft Deserializer 4.1.2. Data Realignment Block (Bit Slip)
4.2. LVDS Receiver I/O Termination Schemes x
4.2.1. LVDS, 1.8 V LVDS, Mini-LVDS, and RSDS Receiver External Termination 4.2.2. SLVS Receiver External Termination 4.2.3. Sub-LVDS Receiver External Termination 4.2.4. TMDS Receiver External Termination 4.2.5. HiSpi Receiver External Termination 4.2.6. LVPECL External Termination
4.3. LVDS Receiver FPGA Design Implementation x
4.3.1. Soft LVDS IP Core in Receiver Mode 4.3.2. High-Speed I/O Timing Budget 4.3.3. Guidelines: Floating LVDS Input Pins 4.3.4. Guidelines: LVDS Receiver Channels Placement 4.3.5. Guidelines: LVDS Channels PLL Placement 4.3.6. Guidelines: LVDS Receiver Logic Placement
4.3.1. Soft LVDS IP Core in Receiver Mode x
4.3.1.1. PLL Source Selection for Soft LVDS IP Core 4.3.1.2. Guidelines: LVDS RX Interface Using External PLL 4.3.1.3. Initializing the Soft LVDS IP Core 4.3.1.4. Guidelines: Applying Input Delay Constraint for LVDS SERDES Receiver
4.3.1.1. PLL Source Selection for Soft LVDS IP Core x
4.3.1.1.1. Instantiate Soft LVDS IP Core with Internal PLL 4.3.1.1.2. Instantiate Soft LVDS IP Core with External PLL
4.3.1.2. Guidelines: LVDS RX Interface Using External PLL x
4.3.1.2.1. ALTPLL Signal Interface with Soft LVDS Receiver 4.3.1.2.2. Determining External PLL Clock Parameters for Soft LVDS Receiver
4.3.2. High-Speed I/O Timing Budget x
4.3.2.1. Receiver Input Skew Margin 4.3.2.2. Guidelines: LVDS Receiver Timing Constraints
4.3.2.1. Receiver Input Skew Margin x
4.3.2.1.1. RSKM Equation 4.3.2.1.2. Example: RSKM Calculation
4.4. LVDS Receiver Debug and Troubleshooting x
4.4.1. Perform RTL Simulation Before Hardware Debug 4.4.2. Geometry-Based and Physics-Based I/O Rules
5. MAX® 10 LVDS Transmitter and Receiver Design x
5.1. Transmitter–Receiver Interfacing 5.2. LVDS Transmitter and Receiver FPGA Design Implementation 5.3. LVDS Transmitter and Receiver Debug and Troubleshooting
5.2. LVDS Transmitter and Receiver FPGA Design Implementation x
5.2.1. LVDS Transmitter and Receiver PLL Sharing Implementation 5.2.2. Initializing the Soft LVDS IP Core
5.3. LVDS Transmitter and Receiver Debug and Troubleshooting x
5.3.1. Perform RTL Simulation Before Hardware Debug 5.3.2. Geometry-Based and Physics-Based I/O Rules
6. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS Board Design Considerations x
6.1. Guidelines: Improve Signal Quality 6.2. Guidelines: Control Channel-to-Channel Skew 6.3. Guidelines: Determine Board Design Constraints 6.4. Guidelines: Perform Board Level Simulations
7. Soft LVDS Intel® FPGA IP Core References x
7.1. Soft LVDS Intel® FPGA IP Parameter Settings 7.2. Soft LVDS Intel® FPGA IP Interface Signals
1. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS I/O Overview
2. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS Architecture and Features
3. MAX® 10 LVDS Transmitter Design
4. MAX® 10 LVDS Receiver Design
5. MAX® 10 LVDS Transmitter and Receiver Design
6. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS Board Design Considerations
7. Soft LVDS Intel® FPGA IP Core References
8. MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS I/O User Guide Archives
9. Document Revision History for the MAX® 10 High-Speed LVDS I/O User Guide

2.2. MAX® 10 LVDS SERDES I/O Standards Support

The MAX® 10 D and S device variants support different LVDS I/O standards. All I/O banks in MAX® 10 devices support true LVDS input buffers and emulated LVDS output buffers. However, only the bottom I/O banks support true LVDS output buffers.
Note: The 1.8 V LVDS buffers are supported as inputs on all high-speed I/O banks but as outputs only on the bottom banks. The low-speed and high-speed DDR3 I/O banks do not support 1.8 V LVDS. The 1.8 V LVDS I/O standard is supported in industrial- and commercial-grade MAX® 10 dual supply devices except in packages V36 and V81. Refer to the related information.
Table 3.   MAX® 10 LVDS I/O Standards SupportSingle and dual supply MAX® 10 devices support different I/O standards. For more information about single and dual supply devices, refer to the device overview.
I/O Standard I/O Bank TX RX MAX® 10 Device Support Notes

Dual Supply Device

Single Supply Device
LVDS All Bottom banks only Yes Yes Yes
  • All I/O banks support 2.5 V true LVDS input buffers.
  • Only the bottom I/O banks support 2.5 V true LVDS output buffers.
1.8 V LVDS 4 Non-DDR3 high-speed I/O banks Bottom banks only Yes Yes, except package V36 and V81 —
  • All non-DDR3 high-speed I/O banks support 1.8 V true LVDS input buffers.
  • Only the bottom I/O banks support 1.8 V true LVDS output buffers.
Emulated LVDS (three resistors) All Yes — Yes Yes

All I/O banks support emulated LVDS output buffers.
True RSDS Bottom Yes — Yes Yes —
Emulated RSDS (single resistor) All Yes — Yes —

All I/O banks support emulated RSDS output buffers.
Emulated RSDS (three resistors) All Yes — Yes Yes

All I/O banks support emulated RSDS output buffers.
True Mini-LVDS Bottom Yes — Yes — —
Emulated Mini-LVDS (three resistors) All Yes — Yes —

All I/O banks support emulated Mini-LVDS output buffers.
PPDS Bottom Yes — Yes — —
Emulated PPDS (three resistors) All Yes — Yes — —
Bus LVDS All Yes Yes Yes Yes
  • Bus LVDS (BLVDS) output uses two single-ended outputs with the second output programmed as inverted.
  • BLVDS input uses LVDS input buffer.
  • You can tristate BLVDS output.
LVPECL All — Yes Yes Yes

Supported only on dual function clock input pins.
TMDS All — Yes Yes —
  • Requires external termination but does not require VREF.
  • Requires external level shifter to support 3.3 V TMDS input. This level shifter must convert the TMDS signal from AC-coupled to DC-coupled before you connect it to the MAX® 10 input buffer.
  • TMDS receiver support uses dedicated 2.5 V LVDS input buffer.
Sub-LVDS All Yes Yes Yes —
  • Transmitter supports only emulated Sub-LVDS using emulated 1.8 V differential signal as output.
  • Requires external output termination.
  • Does not require VREF.
  • Sub-LVDS receiver support uses dedicated 2.5 V LVDS input buffer.
SLVS All Yes Yes Yes —
  • SLVS transmitter support uses emulated LVDS output.
  • Requires external termination but does not require VREF.
  • SLVS receiver support uses dedicated 2.5 V LVDS input buffer.
HiSpi All — Yes Yes —
  • Only input is supported because HiSpi is a unidirectional I/O standard.
  • Requires external termination but does not require VREF.
  • HiSpi receiver support uses dedicated 2.5 V LVDS input buffer.
Related Information
4 The 1.8 V LVDS buffers are supported as inputs on all high-speed I/O banks but as outputs only on the bottom banks. The low-speed and high-speed DDR3 I/O banks do not support 1.8 V LVDS. The 1.8 V LVDS I/O standard is supported in industrial- and commercial-grade MAX® 10 dual supply devices except in packages V36 and V81.
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