PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP User Guide

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Date 3/31/2025
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. About the PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces IP 2. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 3 C-Series Devices 3. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 5 D-Series and E-Series Devices 4. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 7 M-Series Devices 5. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 7 F-Series and I-Series Devices 6. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Stratix® 10 Devices 7. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Arria® 10 and Cyclone® 10 GX Devices 8. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP User Guide Document Archives 9. Document Revision History for the PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP User Guide
1. About the PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces IP x
1.1. Device Family Support 1.2. Features
2. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 3 C-Series Devices x
2.1. Release Information 2.2. Functional Description 2.3. Getting Started 2.4. I/O Standards 2.5. Design Guidelines
2.2. Functional Description x
2.2.1. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 3 C-Series Devices Top Level Interfaces 2.2.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration 2.2.3. Design Example
2.2.1. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 3 C-Series Devices Top Level Interfaces x
2.2.1.1. Clocks 2.2.1.2. Output Path 2.2.1.3. Input Path
2.2.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration x
2.2.2.1. Calibration IP 2.2.2.2. Dynamic Reconfigurable Delays 2.2.2.3. Register Map
2.2.3. Design Example x
2.2.3.1. Generate the Design Example 2.2.3.2. Verify Simulation Design Examples using Tester IP
2.2.3.1. Generate the Design Example x
2.2.3.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration 2.2.3.1.2. Design Example with Dynamic Reconfiguration
2.2.3.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration x
2.2.3.1.1.1. Generate the Synthesis Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration 2.2.3.1.1.2. Generate the Simulation Design Example Without Dynamic Reconfiguration 2.2.3.1.1.3. Run the Simulation Design Example Without Dynamic Reconfiguration
2.2.3.1.2. Design Example with Dynamic Reconfiguration x
2.2.3.1.2.1. Generate the Synthesis Design Example With Dynamic Reconfiguration 2.2.3.1.2.2. Generate the Simulation Design Example with Dynamic Reconfiguration 2.2.3.1.2.3. Run the Simulation Design Example Without Dynamic Reconfiguration
2.2.3.2. Verify Simulation Design Examples using Tester IP x
2.2.3.2.1. PHY Lite Interface 2.2.3.2.2. I/O Model 2.2.3.2.3. IOSSM Tester 2.2.3.2.4. Write Test 2.2.3.2.5. Read Test 2.2.3.2.6. Calbus Test
2.3. Getting Started x
2.3.1. Parameter Settings 2.3.2. Signals
2.3.2. Signals x
2.3.2.1. Clock and Reset Interface Signals 2.3.2.2. Output Path Signals 2.3.2.3. Input Path Signals
2.5. Design Guidelines x
2.5.1. DQS Trees 2.5.2. Pin Placement Restrictions 2.5.3. Maximum Number of DQ Data Pin Configurations
2.5.3. Maximum Number of DQ Data Pin Configurations x
2.5.3.1. Automatic and Manual Pin Placement 2.5.3.2. Single-Ended Pin Configurations 2.5.3.3. Differential Pin Configurations 2.5.3.4. Mixed Pin Configurations
3. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 5 D-Series and E-Series Devices x
3.1. Release Information 3.2. Functional Description 3.3. Getting Started 3.4. I/O Standards 3.5. Design Example
3.2. Functional Description x
3.2.1. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 5 D-Series and E-Series Devices Top Level Interfaces 3.2.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration
3.2.1. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 5 D-Series and E-Series Devices Top Level Interfaces x
3.2.1.1. Clocks 3.2.1.2. Output Path 3.2.1.3. Input Path
3.2.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration x
3.2.2.1. Calibration IP 3.2.2.2. Dynamic Reconfigurable Delays 3.2.2.3. Register Map
3.3. Getting Started x
3.3.1. Parameter Settings 3.3.2. Signals
3.3.2. Signals x
3.3.2.1. Clock and Reset Interface Signals 3.3.2.2. Output Path Signals 3.3.2.3. Input Path Signals
3.4. I/O Standards x
3.4.1. Design Guidelines
3.4.1. Design Guidelines x
3.4.1.1. DQS Trees 3.4.1.2. Pin Placement Restrictions 3.4.1.3. Maximum Number of DQ Data Pin Configurations
3.4.1.3. Maximum Number of DQ Data Pin Configurations x
3.4.1.3.1. Automatic and Manual Pin Placement 3.4.1.3.2. Single-Ended Pin Configurations 3.4.1.3.3. Differential Pin Configurations 3.4.1.3.4. Mixed Pin Configurations
3.5. Design Example x
3.5.1. Generate the Design Example 3.5.2. Verify Simulation Design Examples using Tester IP
3.5.1. Generate the Design Example x
3.5.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration 3.5.1.2. Design Example with Dynamic Reconfiguration
3.5.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration x
3.5.1.1.1. Generate the Synthesis Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration 3.5.1.1.2. Generate the Simulation Design Example Without Dynamic Reconfiguration 3.5.1.1.3. Run the Simulation Design Example Without Dynamic Reconfiguration
3.5.1.2. Design Example with Dynamic Reconfiguration x
3.5.1.2.1. Generate the Synthesis Design Example With Dynamic Reconfiguration 3.5.1.2.2. Generate the Simulation Design Example with Dynamic Reconfiguration 3.5.1.2.3. Run the Simulation Design Example Without Dynamic Reconfiguration
3.5.2. Verify Simulation Design Examples using Tester IP x
3.5.2.1. PHY Lite Interface 3.5.2.2. I/O Model 3.5.2.3. IOSSM Tester 3.5.2.4. Write Test 3.5.2.5. Read Test 3.5.2.6. Calbus Test
4. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 7 M-Series Devices x
4.1. Release Information 4.2. Functional Description 4.3. Getting Started 4.4. I/O Standards 4.5. Design Guidelines 4.6. Design Example
4.2. Functional Description x
4.2.1. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 7 M-Series Devices Top Level Interfaces 4.2.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration 4.2.3. I/O Timing
4.2.1. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 7 M-Series Devices Top Level Interfaces x
4.2.1.1. Clocks 4.2.1.2. Output Path 4.2.1.3. Input Path
4.2.1.1. Clocks x
4.2.1.1.1. Clock Frequency Relationships
4.2.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration x
4.2.2.1. Calibration IP 4.2.2.2. Dynamic Reconfigurable Delays 4.2.2.3. Register Map
4.3. Getting Started x
4.3.1. Parameter Settings 4.3.2. Signals
4.3.2. Signals x
4.3.2.1. Clock and Reset Interface Signals 4.3.2.2. Output Path Signals 4.3.2.3. Input Path Signals
4.5. Design Guidelines x
4.5.1. DQS Trees 4.5.2. Pin Placement Restrictions
4.6. Design Example x
4.6.1. Generating the Design Example 4.6.2. Verifying Simulation Design Examples using Tester IP
4.6.1. Generating the Design Example x
4.6.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration 4.6.1.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration Design Examples
4.6.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration x
4.6.1.1.1. Generating the Synthesis Design Example 4.6.1.1.2. Generating the Simulation Design Example
4.6.1.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration Design Examples x
4.6.1.2.1. Generating the Synthesis Design Example 4.6.1.2.2. Generating the Simulation Design Example
5. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 7 F-Series and I-Series Devices x
5.1. Release Information 5.2. Functional Description 5.3. Getting Started 5.4. I/O Standards 5.5. Design Guidelines 5.6. Design Example
5.2. Functional Description x
5.2.1. Agilex™ 7 F-Series and I-Series I/O Sub-bank Interconnects 5.2.2. Agilex™ 7 F-Series and I-Series Input DQS/Strobe Tree 5.2.3. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 7 F-Series and I-Series Devices Top Level Interfaces 5.2.4. Dynamic Reconfiguration 5.2.5. I/O Timing
5.2.3. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 7 F-Series and I-Series Devices Top Level Interfaces x
5.2.3.1. Clocks 5.2.3.2. Output Path 5.2.3.3. Input Path
5.2.3.1. Clocks x
5.2.3.1.1. Clock Frequency Relationships
5.2.4. Dynamic Reconfiguration x
5.2.4.1. Connectivity 5.2.4.2. Reconfiguration Features and Register Addressing 5.2.4.3. Dynamic Reconfiguration Guidelines
5.2.4.2. Reconfiguration Features and Register Addressing x
5.2.4.2.1. Control Registers Addresses 5.2.4.2.2. Control Registers
5.2.4.3. Dynamic Reconfiguration Guidelines x
5.2.4.3.1. Strobe Enable Window Calibration 5.2.4.3.2. Output and Strobe Enable Minimum and Maximum Phase Settings 5.2.4.3.3. Input DQ/DQS Delay Chains Maximum Values
5.3. Getting Started x
5.3.1. Parameter Settings 5.3.2. Signals
5.3.1. Parameter Settings x
5.3.1.1. Read Latency 5.3.1.2. Write Latency
5.3.2. Signals x
5.3.2.1. Clock and Reset Interface Signals 5.3.2.2. Output Path Signals 5.3.2.3. Input Path Signals
5.4. I/O Standards x
5.4.1. Input Buffer Reference Voltage (VREF) 5.4.2. On-Chip Termination (OCT)
5.4.2. On-Chip Termination (OCT) x
5.4.2.1. RZQ_GROUP Assignment
5.5. Design Guidelines x
5.5.1. Guidelines: Group Pin Placement 5.5.2. Reference Clock 5.5.3. Reset
5.6. Design Example x
5.6.1. Generating the Design Example
5.6.1. Generating the Design Example x
5.6.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration 5.6.1.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration Design Examples
5.6.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration x
5.6.1.1.1. Generating the Synthesis Design Example 5.6.1.1.2. Generating the Simulation Design Example
5.6.1.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration Design Examples x
5.6.1.2.1. Generating the Synthesis Design Example 5.6.1.2.2. Generating the Simulation Design Example
6. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Stratix® 10 Devices x
6.1. Release Information 6.2. Functional Description 6.3. Getting Started 6.4. I/O Standards 6.5. Design Guidelines 6.6. Design Example
6.2. Functional Description x
6.2.1. Top Level Interfaces 6.2.2. Clocks 6.2.3. Output Path 6.2.4. Input Path 6.2.5. Dynamic Reconfiguration
6.2.2. Clocks x
6.2.2.1. Clock Frequency Relationships
6.2.3. Output Path x
6.2.3.1. Output Path Data Alignment
6.2.4. Input Path x
6.2.4.1. Input Path Data Alignment
6.2.5. Dynamic Reconfiguration x
6.2.5.1. RTL Connectivity 6.2.5.2. Address Lookup 6.2.5.3. Reconfiguration Features and Register Addressing 6.2.5.4. Calibration Guidelines
6.2.5.1. RTL Connectivity x
6.2.5.1.1. Daisy Chain
6.2.5.2. Address Lookup x
6.2.5.2.1. Strobes 6.2.5.2.2. Parameter Table Examples
6.2.5.3. Reconfiguration Features and Register Addressing x
6.2.5.3.1. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Stratix® 10 Devices Control Registers Addresses 6.2.5.3.2. Control Registers Description
6.2.5.4. Calibration Guidelines x
6.2.5.4.1. Strobe Enable Window Calibration 6.2.5.4.2. Output and Strobe Enable Minimum and Maximum Phase Settings
6.3. Getting Started x
6.3.1. Parameter Settings 6.3.2. Signals
6.3.1. Parameter Settings x
6.3.1.1. Read Latency 6.3.1.2. Write Latency
6.3.2. Signals x
6.3.2.1. Clock and Reset Interface Signals 6.3.2.2. Output Path Signals 6.3.2.3. Input Path Signals 6.3.2.4. Avalon Configuration Bus Interface Signals 6.3.2.5. Termination Signals
6.4. I/O Standards x
6.4.1. Input Buffer Reference Voltage (VREF) 6.4.2. On-Chip Termination (OCT)
6.4.1. Input Buffer Reference Voltage (VREF) x
6.4.1.1. Calibrated VREF Settings
6.4.2. On-Chip Termination (OCT) x
6.4.2.1. RZQ_GROUP Assignment 6.4.2.2. Manual Insertion of OCT Block
6.5. Design Guidelines x
6.5.1. Guidelines: Group Pin Placement 6.5.2. Reference Clock 6.5.3. Reset 6.5.4. Constraining Multiple PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP to One I/O Bank 6.5.5. Dynamic Reconfiguration 6.5.6. Timing
6.5.6. Timing x
6.5.6.1. Timing Components 6.5.6.2. Timing Constraints and Files 6.5.6.3. Timing Analysis 6.5.6.4. Timing Closure Guidelines
6.5.6.2. Timing Constraints and Files x
6.5.6.2.1. <variation_name>.sdc 6.5.6.2.2. <variation_name>_parameter.tcl 6.5.6.2.3. <variation_name>_ip_parameters.tcl 6.5.6.2.4. <variation_name>_pin_map.tcl 6.5.6.2.5. <variation_name>_report_timing.tcl 6.5.6.2.6. <variation_name>_report_timing_core.tcl
6.5.6.4. Timing Closure Guidelines x
6.5.6.4.1. Timing Closure: Dynamic Reconfiguration 6.5.6.4.2. Timing Closure: Input Strobe Setup and Hold Delay Constraints 6.5.6.4.3. Timing Closure: Output Strobe Setup and Hold Delay Constraints 6.5.6.4.4. Timing Closure: Non Edge-Aligned Input Data 6.5.6.4.5. I/O Timing Violation 6.5.6.4.6. Internal FPGA Path Timing Violation
6.6. Design Example x
6.6.1. Generating the Design Example
6.6.1. Generating the Design Example x
6.6.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration 6.6.1.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration Design Examples
6.6.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration x
6.6.1.1.1. Generating the Hardware Design Example 6.6.1.1.2. Generating the Simulation Design Example
6.6.1.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration Design Examples x
6.6.1.2.1. Dynamic Reconfiguration Using Finite State Machine
7. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Arria® 10 and Cyclone® 10 GX Devices x
7.1. Release Information 7.2. Functional Description 7.3. Getting Started 7.4. I/O Standards 7.5. Design Guidelines 7.6. Design Example 7.7. Application Specific Design Example
7.2. Functional Description x
7.2.1. Top Level Interfaces 7.2.2. Clocks 7.2.3. Output Path 7.2.4. Input Path 7.2.5. Dynamic Reconfiguration
7.2.2. Clocks x
7.2.2.1. Clock Frequency Relationships
7.2.3. Output Path x
7.2.3.1. Output Path Data Alignment
7.2.4. Input Path x
7.2.4.1. Input Path Data Alignment
7.2.5. Dynamic Reconfiguration x
7.2.5.1. RTL Connectivity 7.2.5.2. Address Lookup 7.2.5.3. Reconfiguration Features and Register Addressing 7.2.5.4. Calibration Guidelines
7.2.5.1. RTL Connectivity x
7.2.5.1.1. Daisy Chain
7.2.5.2. Address Lookup x
7.2.5.2.1. Strobes 7.2.5.2.2. Parameter Table Examples
7.2.5.3. Reconfiguration Features and Register Addressing x
7.2.5.3.1. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Arria® 10 and Cyclone® 10 GX Address Registers 7.2.5.3.2. Control Registers Description
7.2.5.4. Calibration Guidelines x
7.2.5.4.1. Strobe Enable Window Calibration 7.2.5.4.2. Output and Strobe Enable Minimum and Maximum Phase Settings
7.3. Getting Started x
7.3.1. Parameter Settings 7.3.2. Signals
7.3.1. Parameter Settings x
7.3.1.1. Read Latency 7.3.1.2. Write Latency
7.3.2. Signals x
7.3.2.1. Clock and Reset Interface Signals 7.3.2.2. Output Path Signals 7.3.2.3. Input Path Signals 7.3.2.4. Avalon Configuration Bus Interface Signals 7.3.2.5. Termination Signals
7.4. I/O Standards x
7.4.1. Input Buffer Reference Voltage (VREF) 7.4.2. On-Chip Termination (OCT)
7.4.1. Input Buffer Reference Voltage (VREF) x
7.4.1.1. Calibrated VREF Settings
7.4.2. On-Chip Termination (OCT) x
7.4.2.1. RZQ_GROUP Assignment 7.4.2.2. Manual Insertion of OCT Block
7.5. Design Guidelines x
7.5.1. Guidelines: Group Pin Placement 7.5.2. Reference Clock 7.5.3. Reset 7.5.4. Constraining Multiple PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces to One I/O Bank 7.5.5. Dynamic Reconfiguration 7.5.6. Timing
7.5.6. Timing x
7.5.6.1. Timing Components 7.5.6.2. Timing Constraints and Files 7.5.6.3. Timing Analysis 7.5.6.4. Timing Closure Guidelines
7.5.6.2. Timing Constraints and Files x
7.5.6.2.1. <variation_name>.sdc 7.5.6.2.2. <variation_name>_parameter.tcl 7.5.6.2.3. <variation_name>_ip_parameters.tcl 7.5.6.2.4. <variation_name>_pin_map.tcl 7.5.6.2.5. <variation_name>_report_timing.tcl 7.5.6.2.6. <variation_name>_report_timing_core.tcl
7.5.6.4. Timing Closure Guidelines x
7.5.6.4.1. Timing Closure: Dynamic Reconfiguration 7.5.6.4.2. Timing Closure: Input Strobe Setup and Hold Delay Constraints 7.5.6.4.3. Timing Closure: Output Strobe Setup and Hold Delay Constraints 7.5.6.4.4. Timing Closure: Non Edge-Aligned Input Data 7.5.6.4.5. I/O Timing Violation 7.5.6.4.6. Internal FPGA Path Timing Violation
7.6. Design Example x
7.6.1. Generating the Design Example
7.6.1. Generating the Design Example x
7.6.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration 7.6.1.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration Design Examples
7.6.1.1. Design Example without Dynamic Reconfiguration x
7.6.1.1.1. Generating the Hardware Design Example 7.6.1.1.2. Generating the Simulation Design Example
7.6.1.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration Design Examples x
7.6.1.2.1. Dynamic Reconfiguration with Debug Kit 7.6.1.2.2. Dynamic Reconfiguration Using Finite State Machine
7.7. Application Specific Design Example x
7.7.1. Implementation using the PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP
1. About the PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces IP
2. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 3 C-Series Devices
3. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 5 D-Series and E-Series Devices
4. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 7 M-Series Devices
5. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Agilex™ 7 F-Series and I-Series Devices
6. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Stratix® 10 Devices
7. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP for Arria® 10 and Cyclone® 10 GX Devices
8. PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP User Guide Document Archives
9. Document Revision History for the PHY Lite for Parallel Interfaces FPGA IP User Guide

4.2.2.2. Dynamic Reconfigurable Delays

Table 81.  Dynamic Reconfigurable DelaysThis table lists the delays that you can reconfigure only when the corresponding read or write path is unused.
Configurable Settings Width Description Unit Granularity
TxDqDelay 11 Output delay for data and strobe 1/128 of VCO cycle per pin
RxDqsNDelayPi 7 Phase shift in negative edge of DQS 1/128 of VCO cycle per pin
RxDqsPDelayPi 7 Phase shift in positive edge of DQS 1/128 of VCO cycle per pin
RxRcvEnPiRank0 11 RcvEn delay 1/128 of VCO cycle per nibble
DqsSenseAmpDelay 5 DQS sense amplifier delay PHY clock cycle per nibble
DqSenseAmpDuration 4 DQ sense amplifier duration PHY clock cycle per nibble
DqSenseAmpDelay 5 DQ sense amplifier delay PHY clock cycle per nibble
DqOdtDuration 4 DQ ODT duration PHY clock cycle per nibble
DqOdtDelay 5 DQ ODT delay PHY clock cycle per nibble
DqsOdtDuration 4 DQS ODT duration PHY clock cycle per nibble
DqsOdtDelay 5 DQS ODT delay PHY clock cycle per nibble
read_enable_offset 4 Delay before reading from the RX FIFO PHY clock cycle per lane
RxDataVrefL 9 I/O reference voltage lower nibble 1/512 of VCCIO per nibble
RxDataVrefU 9 I/O reference voltage upper nibble 1/512 of VCCIO per nibble
TrainReset 1 Resets the training to clear non-permanent states. Internal to the I/O lane and resets stateful logic on the read and write paths. — per lane
RLTrainingMode 1 Enables read leveling training mode — per lane
DataTrainFeedback_N0 12 Provides feedback for different training steps. In RL Training mode it is simply a counter. — per nibble
D0DlyRange 2 Enable/Set delay line inside the RxDqD0 for matched Rx. 0: Disable, 1: 1 delay cell, 2: 2 delay cells, 3: 3 delay cells. 1/8 of VCO cycle common for all data pins

For differential data, program the output delay settings for both pins in a differential pair, and the input settings only for the even pin.

Before adjusting any delays with dynamic reconfiguration, set the InternalClocksOn and reset the training. After calibration, set InternalClocksOn back to zero to save power. Follow these steps:
  1. Set InternalClocksOn = 1.
  2. Apply Train Reset by setting TrainReset from 0 to 1 and back to 0.
  3. Perform calibration.
  4. Set InternalClocksOn = 0.

If a PHY Lite group occupies two I/O lanes (for example, using a x16 DQS tree), expect additional delay on DQS due to the longer DQS path. For x16 input data groups, use the D0DlyRange register to shift out the DQ data so that the left edge of the data eye can be observed during DQS sweeps. At the maximum supported double data rate of 2500 MHz, 100ps is 0.25 UI; thus, setting the D0DlyRange register to 1 (1 delay cell) is usually sufficient.

Use the D0DlyRange register to shift out the DQ data so that the left edge of the data eye can be observed during DQS sweeps. At the maximum supported double data rate of 2500 MHz, 100ps is 0.25 UI; thus, setting the D0DlyRange register to 1 (1 delay cell) is usually sufficient.

Related Information
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