DisplayPort IP User Guide

Download PDF
ID 683273
Date 7/15/2025
Public
Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. DisplayPort IP Quick Reference 2. About The DisplayPort IP 3. Getting Started 4. DisplayPort IP Hardware Design Examples 5. DisplayPort Source 6. DisplayPort Sink 7. DisplayPort IP Parameters 8. DisplayPort IP Simulation Example 9. DisplayPort API Reference 10. DisplayPort Source Register Map and DPCD Locations 11. DisplayPort Sink Register Map and DPCD Locations 12. F-Tile DisplayPort PHY FPGA IP 13. GTS DisplayPort PHY IP ( Agilex™ 5 Designs Only) 14. Duplex and Dual Simplex PHY Modes ( Agilex™ 5 Designs Only) 15. DisplayPort IP User Guide Archives 16. Document Revision History for the DisplayPort IP User Guide
1. DisplayPort IP Quick Reference x
1.1. DisplayPort Terms and Acronyms
2. About The DisplayPort IP x
2.1. DisplayPort IP Features 2.2. Release Information 2.3. Device Family Support 2.4. IP Core Verification 2.5. Performance and Resource Utilization
3. Getting Started x
3.1. Software Requirements 3.2. Installing and Licensing IP Cores 3.3. Specifying IP Parameters and Options 3.4. Simulating the Design 3.5. Compiling the Full Design and Programming the FPGA 3.6. Calculating Video Bandwidth and Recovered Pixel Clock Frequency
3.2. Installing and Licensing IP Cores x
3.2.1. Intel FPGA IP Evaluation Mode
3.4. Simulating the Design x
3.4.1. Simulating with the ModelSim Simulator
4. DisplayPort IP Hardware Design Examples x
4.1. DisplayPort IP Hardware Design Examples for Arria® 10, Cyclone® 10 GX, Stratix® 10, Agilex™ 7 F-Tile, and Agilex™ 5 E-Series (GTS) Devices 4.2. HDCP Over DisplayPort Design Example for Arria® 10 and Stratix® 10 Devices 4.3. DisplayPort IP Hardware Design Examples for Arria V, Cyclone V, and Stratix V Devices
4.3. DisplayPort IP Hardware Design Examples for Arria V, Cyclone V, and Stratix V Devices x
4.3.1. Clock Recovery Core 4.3.2. Transceiver and Clocking 4.3.3. Required Hardware 4.3.4. Design Walkthrough 4.3.5. DisplayPort Link Training Flow 4.3.6. DisplayPort Post Link Training Adjust Request Flow (LQA) 4.3.7. Translating DisplayPort Link Training AUX Transactions 4.3.8. DisplayPort MST Source User Application
4.3.1. Clock Recovery Core x
4.3.1.1. Clock Recovery Core Parameters 4.3.1.2. Clock Recovery Interface
4.3.1.2. Clock Recovery Interface x
4.3.1.2.1. Video Input Port
4.3.4. Design Walkthrough x
4.3.4.1. Set Up the Hardware 4.3.4.2. Copy the Design Files to Your Working Directory 4.3.4.3. Build the FPGA Design 4.3.4.4. Load and Run the Software 4.3.4.5. View the Results
5. DisplayPort Source x
5.1. IP to Transceiver Parallel Data Interface Width 5.2. Main Data Path 5.3. Controller Interface 5.4. Sideband Channel 5.5. Source Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) Support 5.6. HDCP 1.3 TX Architecture 5.7. HDCP 2.3 TX Architecture 5.8. Source Interfaces 5.9. Source Clock Tree
5.2. Main Data Path x
5.2.1. Video Packetizer Path 5.2.2. Video Geometry Measurement Path 5.2.3. Audio and Secondary Stream Encoder Path 5.2.4. Training and Link Quality Patterns Generator
5.2.4. Training and Link Quality Patterns Generator x
5.2.4.1. DP1.4 (8B/10B Channel Coding) 5.2.4.2. DP2.0 (128B/132B Channel Coding)
5.8. Source Interfaces x
5.8.1. Controller Interface 5.8.2. AUX Interface 5.8.3. Video Interface 5.8.4. TX Transceiver Interface 5.8.5. Transceiver Reconfiguration Interface 5.8.6. Transceiver Analog Reconfiguration Interface 5.8.7. Secondary Stream Interface 5.8.8. Audio Interface
5.8.3. Video Interface x
5.8.3.1. Video Interface (TX Video IM Enable = 0) 5.8.3.2. Video Interface (TX Video IM Enable = 1) 5.8.3.3. Video Interface (Enable Active Video Data Protocols = AXIS-VVP Full)
6. DisplayPort Sink x
6.1. Transceiver to IP Parallel Data Interface Width 6.2. Sink Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) Support 6.3. Sink Non-GPU Mode Support 6.4. HDCP 1.3 RX Architecture 6.5. HDCP 2.3 RX Architecture 6.6. Sink Interfaces 6.7. Sink Clock Tree
6.6. Sink Interfaces x
6.6.1. Controller Interface 6.6.2. AUX Interface 6.6.3. Debugging Interface 6.6.4. Video Interface 6.6.5. Video Interface (Enable Active Video Data Protocols = AXIS-VVP Full) 6.6.6. Clocked Video Input Interface 6.6.7. RX Transceiver Interface 6.6.8. Transceiver Reconfiguration Interface 6.6.9. Secondary Stream Interface 6.6.10. Audio Interface 6.6.11. Non-GPU Mode EDID Interface 6.6.12. MSA Interface
6.6.2. AUX Interface x
6.6.2.1. AUX Debug Interface 6.6.2.2. EDID Interface
6.6.3. Debugging Interface x
6.6.3.1. Link Parameters Interface 6.6.3.2. Video Stream Out Interface
7. DisplayPort IP Parameters x
7.1. DisplayPort IP Source Parameters 7.2. DisplayPort IP Sink Parameters
8. DisplayPort IP Simulation Example x
8.1. Design Walkthrough
8.1. Design Walkthrough x
8.1.1. Copy the Simulation Files to Your Working Directory 8.1.2. Generate the IP Simulation Files and Scripts, and Compile and Simulate 8.1.3. View the Results
9. DisplayPort API Reference x
9.1. Using the Library 9.2. btc_dprx_syslib API Reference 9.3. btc_dprx_aux_get_request 9.4. btc_dprx_aux_handler 9.5. btc_dprx_aux_post_reply 9.6. btc_dprx_baseaddr 9.7. btc_dprx_dpcd_gpu_access 9.8. btc_dprx_edid_set 9.9. btc_dprx_hpd_get 9.10. btc_dprx_hpd_pulse 9.11. btc_dprx_hpd_set 9.12. btc_dprx_lt_eyeq_init 9.13. btc_dprx_lt_force 9.14. btc_dprx_lt_ffe_retries_set 9.15. btc_dprx_lt_ffe_default_set 9.16. btc_dprx_rtl_ver 9.17. btc_dprx_sw_ver 9.18. btc_dprx_syslib_add_rx 9.19. btc_dprx_syslib_info 9.20. btc_dprx_syslib_init 9.21. btc_dprx_syslib_monitor 9.22. btc_dprx_mst_link_addr_rep_set 9.23. btc_dprx_mst_conn_stat_notify_req 9.24. btc_dprx_mst_conn_stat_notify_rep 9.25. btc_dptx_syslib API Reference 9.26. btc_dptx_aux_i2c_read 9.27. btc_dptx_aux_i2c_write 9.28. btc_dptx_aux_read 9.29. btc_dptx_aux_write 9.30. btc_dptx_aux_set_read_reply_timeout 9.31. btc_dptx_aux_set_max_num_defers 9.32. btc_dptx_baseaddr 9.33. btc_dptx_edid_block_read 9.34. btc_dptx_edid_read 9.35. btc_dptx_fast_link_training 9.36. btc_dptx_hpd_change 9.37. btc_dptx_is_link_up 9.38. btc_dptx_link_bw 9.39. btc_dptx_link_training 9.40. btc_dptx_link_training_with_retries 9.41. btc_dptx_set_128b132b_lt_400ms_timeout 9.42. btc_dptx_get_lt_failure_count 9.43. btc_dptx_reset_lt_failure_counters 9.44. btc_dptx_rtl_ver 9.45. btc_dptx_set_color_space 9.46. btc_dptx_sw_ver 9.47. btc_dptx_syslib_add_tx 9.48. btc_dptx_syslib_init 9.49. btc_dptx_syslib_monitor 9.50. btc_dptx_test_autom 9.51. btc_dptx_video_enable 9.52. btc_dptx_mst_allocate_payload_rep 9.53. btc_dptx_mst_allocate_payload_req 9.54. btc_dptx_mst_clear_payload_table_rep 9.55. btc_dptx_mst_clear_payload_table_req 9.56. btc_dptx_mst_conn_stat_notify_req 9.57. btc_dptx_mst_down_rep_irq 9.58. btc_dptx_mst_enable 9.59. btc_dptx_mst_enum_path_rep 9.60. btc_dptx_mst_enum_path_req 9.61. btc_dptx_mst_get_msg_transact_ver_rep 9.62. btc_dptx_mst_get_msg_transact_ver_req 9.63. btc_dptx_mst_link_address_rep 9.64. btc_dptx_mst_link_address_req 9.65. btc_dptx_mst_remote_dpcd_wr_rep 9.66. btc_dptx_mst_remote_dpcd_wr_req 9.67. btc_dptx_mst_remote_i2c_rd_rep 9.68. btc_dptx_mst_remote_i2c_rd_req 9.69. btc_dptx_mst_set_color_space 9.70. btc_dptx_mst_tavgts_set 9.71. btc_dptx_mst_up_req_irq 9.72. btc_dptx_mst_vcpid_set 9.73. btc_dptx_mst_vcptab_addvc 9.74. btc_dptx_mst_vcptab_clear 9.75. btc_dptx_mst_vcptab_delvc 9.76. btc_dptx_mst_vcptab_update 9.77. btc_dptxll_syslib API Reference 9.78. btc_dptxll_hpd_change 9.79. btc_dptxll_hpd_irq 9.80. btc_dptxll_mst_cmp_ports 9.81. btc_dptxll_mst_edid_read_rep 9.82. btc_dptxll_mst_edid_read_req 9.83. btc_dptxll_mst_get_device_ports 9.84. btc_dptxll_mst_set_csn_callback 9.85. btc_dptxll_mst_topology_discover 9.86. btc_dptxll_stream_allocate_rep 9.87. btc_dptxll_stream_allocate_req 9.88. btc_dptxll_stream_calc_VCP_size 9.89. btc_dptxll_stream_delete_rep 9.90. btc_dptxll_stream_delete_req 9.91. btc_dptxll_stream_get 9.92. btc_dptxll_stream_set_color_space 9.93. btc_dptxll_stream_set_pixel_rate 9.94. btc_dptxll_sw_ver 9.95. btc_dptxll_syslib_set_max_num_lt_retries 9.96. btc_dptxll_syslib_get_max_num_lt_retries 9.97. btc_dptxll_syslib_add_tx 9.98. btc_dptxll_syslib_init 9.99. btc_dptxll_syslib_monitor 9.100. btc_dpxx_syslib Additional Types 9.101. btc_dprx_syslib Supported DPCD Locations
10. DisplayPort Source Register Map and DPCD Locations x
10.1. Source General Registers 10.2. Source MSA Registers 10.3. Source Link PHY Control and Status 10.4. Source Timestamp 10.5. Source CRC Registers 10.6. Source Audio Registers 10.7. Source MST Registers 10.8. Source AUX Controller Interface 10.9. Source-Supported DPCD Locations 10.10. Source AXI2CV Registers
10.1. Source General Registers x
10.1.1. DPTX_TX_CONTROL 10.1.2. DPTX_TX_STATUS 10.1.3. DPTX_TX_VERSION
10.2. Source MSA Registers x
10.2.1. DPTX0_MSA_MVID 10.2.2. DPTX0_MSA_NVID 10.2.3. DPTX0_MSA_HTOTAL 10.2.4. DPTX0_MSA_VTOTAL 10.2.5. DPTX0_MSA_HSP 10.2.6. DPTX0_MSA_HSW 10.2.7. DPTX0_MSA_HSTART 10.2.8. DPTX0_MSA_VSTART 10.2.9. DPTX0_MSA_VSP 10.2.10. DPTX0_MSA_VSW 10.2.11. DPTX0_MSA_HWIDTH 10.2.12. DPTX0_MSA_VHEIGHT 10.2.13. DPTX0_MSA_MISC0 10.2.14. DPTX0_MSA_MISC1 10.2.15. DPTX0_MSA_COLOR 10.2.16. DPTX0_VBID
10.3. Source Link PHY Control and Status x
10.3.1. DPTX_PRE_VOLT0/DPTX_REG_TXFFE0 10.3.2. DPTX_PRE_VOLT1/DPTX_REG_TXFFE1 10.3.3. DPTX_PRE_VOLT2/DPTX_REG_TXFFE2 10.3.4. DPTX_PRE_VOLT3/DPTX_REG_TXFFE3 10.3.5. DPTX_RECONFIG 10.3.6. DPTX_TEST_80BIT_PATTERN1/DPTX_TEST_264BIT_PATTERN1 10.3.7. DPTX_TEST_80BIT_PATTERN2/DPTX_TEST_264BIT_PATTERN2 10.3.8. DPTX_TEST_80BIT_PATTERN3/DPTX_TEST_264BIT_PATTERN3 10.3.9. DPTX_TEST_264BIT_PATTERN4 10.3.10. DPTX_TEST_264BIT_PATTERN5 10.3.11. DPTX_TEST_264BIT_PATTERN6 10.3.12. DPTX_TEST_264BIT_PATTERN7 10.3.13. DPTX_TEST_264BIT_PATTERN8 10.3.14. DPTX_TEST_264BIT_PATTERN9
10.7. Source MST Registers x
10.7.1. DPTX_MST_VCPTAB0 10.7.2. DPTX_MST_VCPTAB1 10.7.3. DPTX_MST_VCPTAB2 10.7.4. DPTX_MST_VCPTAB3 10.7.5. DPTX_MST_VCPTAB4 10.7.6. DPTX_MST_VCPTAB5 10.7.7. DPTX_MST_VCPTAB6 10.7.8. DPTX_MST_VCPTAB7 10.7.9. DPTX_MST_TAVG_TS 10.7.10. DPTX_MST_ECF0 10.7.11. DPTX_MST_ECF1
10.8. Source AUX Controller Interface x
10.8.1. DPTX_AUX_CONTROL 10.8.2. DPTX_AUX_COMMAND 10.8.3. DPTX_AUX_BYTE0 10.8.4. DPTX_AUX_BYTE1 10.8.5. DPTX_AUX_BYTE2 10.8.6. DPTX_AUX_BYTE3 10.8.7. DPTX_AUX_BYTE4 10.8.8. DPTX_AUX_BYTE5 10.8.9. DPTX_AUX_BYTE6 10.8.10. DPTX_AUX_BYTE7 10.8.11. DPTX_AUX_BYTE8 10.8.12. DPTX_AUX_BYTE9 10.8.13. DPTX_AUX_BYTE10 10.8.14. DPTX_AUX_BYTE11 10.8.15. DPTX_AUX_BYTE12 10.8.16. DPTX_AUX_BYTE13 10.8.17. DPTX_AUX_BYTE14 10.8.18. DPTX_AUX_BYTE15 10.8.19. DPTX_AUX_BYTE16 10.8.20. DPTX_AUX_BYTE17 10.8.21. DPTX_AUX_BYTE18 10.8.22. DPTX_AUX_RESET
10.10. Source AXI2CV Registers x
10.10.1. Source AXI2CV Registers Summary 10.10.2. Source AXI2CV Registers Description
10.10.2. Source AXI2CV Registers Description x
10.10.2.1. STATUS (0x50) 10.10.2.2. VIDEO_MODE_MATCH (0X51) 10.10.2.3. VIDEO_MODE_BANK_SELECT (0x53) 10.10.2.4. VIDEO_MODE_CONTROL (0x54) 10.10.2.5. VIDEO_MODE_SAMPLE_COUNT(0x55) 10.10.2.6. VIDEO_MODE_F0_LINE_COUNT (0x56) 10.10.2.7. VIDEO_MODE_F1_LINE_COUNT (0x57) 10.10.2.8. VIDEO_MODE_HORIZONTAL_FRONT_PORCH (0x58) 10.10.2.9. VIDEO_MODE_HORIZONTAL_SYNC_LENGTH (0x59) 10.10.2.10. VIDEO_MODE_HORIZONTAL_BLANKING (0x5A) 10.10.2.11. VIDEO_MODE_VERTICAL_FRONT_PORCH (0x5B) 10.10.2.12. VIDEO_MODE_VERTICAL_SYNC_LENGTH (0x5C) 10.10.2.13. VIDEO_MODE_VERTICAL_BLANKING (0x5D) 10.10.2.14. VIDEO_MODE_F0_VERTICAL_FRONT_PORCH (0x5E) 10.10.2.15. VIDEO_MODE_F0_VERTICAL_SYNC_LENGTH (0x5F) 10.10.2.16. VIDEO_MODE_F0_VERTICAL_BLANKING (0x60) 10.10.2.17. VIDEO_MODE_ACTIVE_PICTURE_LINE (0x61) 10.10.2.18. VIDEO_MODE_F0_VERTICAL_RISING (0x62) 10.10.2.19. VIDEO_MODE_FIELD_RISING (0x63) 10.10.2.20. VIDEO_MODE_FIELD_FALLING (0x64) 10.10.2.21. VIDEO_MODE_VALID (0x6D)
11. DisplayPort Sink Register Map and DPCD Locations x
11.1. Sink General Registers 11.2. Sink Timestamp 11.3. Sink Bit-Error Counters 11.4. FEC Registers 11.5. 128B/132B Link Quality Test Pattern Registers 11.6. Sink MSA Registers 11.7. Sink Audio Registers 11.8. Sink MST Registers 11.9. Sink AUX Controller Interface 11.10. Sink CRC Registers 11.11. Sink-Supported DPCD Locations 11.12. Sink CV2AXI Registers
11.1. Sink General Registers x
11.1.1. DPRX_RX_CONTROL 11.1.2. DPRX_RX_STATUS 11.1.3. DPRX_BER_CONTROL 11.1.4. DPRX_BER_CNT0 11.1.5. DPRX_BER_CNT1
11.3. Sink Bit-Error Counters x
11.3.1. DPRX_BER_CNTI0 11.3.2. DPRX_BER_CNTI1
11.4. FEC Registers x
11.4.1. DPRX_FEC_CONFIG 11.4.2. DPRX_FEC_ERROR_COUNT
11.5. 128B/132B Link Quality Test Pattern Registers x
11.5.1. DPRX_BER_TEST_PATTERN
11.6. Sink MSA Registers x
11.6.1. DPRX0_MSA_MVID 11.6.2. DPRX0_MSA_NVID 11.6.3. DPRX0_MSA_HTOTAL 11.6.4. DPRX0_MSA_VTOTAL 11.6.5. DPRX0_MSA_HSP 11.6.6. DPRX0_MSA_HSW 11.6.7. DPRX0_MSA_HSTART 11.6.8. DPRX0_MSA_VSTART 11.6.9. DPRX0_MSA_VSP 11.6.10. DPRX0_MSA_VSW 11.6.11. DPRX0_MSA_HWIDTH 11.6.12. DPRX0_MSA_VHEIGHT 11.6.13. DPRX0_MSA_MISC0 11.6.14. DPRX0_MSA_MISC1 11.6.15. DPRX0_MSA_COLOR 11.6.16. DPRX0_VBID
11.7. Sink Audio Registers x
11.7.1. DPRX0_AUD_MAUD 11.7.2. DPRX0_AUD_NAUD 11.7.3. DPRX0_AUD_AIF0 11.7.4. DPRX0_AUD_AIF1 11.7.5. DPRX0_AUD_AIF2 11.7.6. DPRX0_AUD_AIF3 11.7.7. DPRX0_AUD_AIF4
11.8. Sink MST Registers x
11.8.1. DPRX_MST_VCPTAB0 11.8.2. DPRX_MST_VCPTAB1 11.8.3. DPRX_MST_VCPTAB2 11.8.4. DPRX_MST_VCPTAB3 11.8.5. DPRX_MST_VCPTAB4 11.8.6. DPRX_MST_VCPTAB5 11.8.7. DPRX_MST_VCPTAB6 11.8.8. DPRX_MST_VCPTAB7
11.9. Sink AUX Controller Interface x
11.9.1. DPRX_AUX_CONTROL 11.9.2. DPRX_AUX_STATUS 11.9.3. DPRX_AUX_COMMAND 11.9.4. DPRX_AUX_BYTE0 11.9.5. DPRX_AUX_BYTE1 11.9.6. DPRX_AUX_BYTE2 11.9.7. DPRX_AUX_BYTE3 11.9.8. DPRX_AUX_BYTE4 11.9.9. DPRX_AUX_BYTE5 11.9.10. DPRX_AUX_BYTE6 11.9.11. DPRX_AUX_BYTE7 11.9.12. DPRX_AUX_BYTE8 11.9.13. DPRX_AUX_BYTE9 11.9.14. DPRX_AUX_BYTE10 11.9.15. DPRX_AUX_BYTE11 11.9.16. DPRX_AUX_BYTE12 11.9.17. DPRX_AUX_BYTE13 11.9.18. DPRX_AUX_BYTE14 11.9.19. DPRX_AUX_BYTE15 11.9.20. DPRX_AUX_BYTE16 11.9.21. DPRX_AUX_BYTE17 11.9.22. DPRX_AUX_BYTE18 11.9.23. DPRX_AUX_I2C0 11.9.24. DPRX_AUX_I2C1 11.9.25. DPRX_AUX_RESET 11.9.26. DPRX_AUX_HPD
11.12. Sink CV2AXI Registers x
11.12.1. Sink CV2AXI Registers Summary 11.12.2. Sink CV2AXI Registers Description
11.12.2. Sink CV2AXI Registers Description x
11.12.2.1. STATUS (0x50) 11.12.2.2. ACTIVE SAMPLE COUNT (0x52) 11.12.2.3. F0_ACTIVE_LINE_COUNT (0x53) 11.12.2.4. F1_ACTIVE_LINE_COUNT (0x54) 11.12.2.5. TOTAL_SAMPLE_COUNT (0x55) 11.12.2.6. F0_TOTAL_LINE_COUNT (0x56) 11.12.2.7. F1_TOTAL_LINE_COUNT (0x57) 11.12.2.8. COLOR_PATTERN (0x5C) 11.12.2.9. CONTROL (0x64)
12. F-Tile DisplayPort PHY FPGA IP x
12.1. F-Tile DisplayPort PHY FPGA IP Parameters
12.1. F-Tile DisplayPort PHY FPGA IP Parameters x
12.1.1. F-Tile DisplayPort PHY IP Lane Mapping 12.1.2. F-Tile DisplayPort PHY IP Analog Settings
13. GTS DisplayPort PHY IP ( Agilex™ 5 Designs Only) x
13.1. GTS DisplayPort PHY IP Parameters ( Agilex™ 5 Designs Only) 13.2. DisplayPort Analog Parameters for GTS IPs ( Agilex™ 5 Designs Only)
14. Duplex and Dual Simplex PHY Modes ( Agilex™ 5 Designs Only) x
14.1. Generating a DisplayPort PHY Dual Simplex IP
1. DisplayPort IP Quick Reference
2. About The DisplayPort IP
3. Getting Started
4. DisplayPort IP Hardware Design Examples
5. DisplayPort Source
6. DisplayPort Sink
7. DisplayPort IP Parameters
8. DisplayPort IP Simulation Example
9. DisplayPort API Reference
10. DisplayPort Source Register Map and DPCD Locations
11. DisplayPort Sink Register Map and DPCD Locations
12. F-Tile DisplayPort PHY FPGA IP
13. GTS DisplayPort PHY IP ( Agilex™ 5 Designs Only)
14. Duplex and Dual Simplex PHY Modes ( Agilex™ 5 Designs Only)
15. DisplayPort IP User Guide Archives
16. Document Revision History for the DisplayPort IP User Guide

11. DisplayPort Sink Register Map and DPCD Locations

DisplayPort sink instantiations greatly benefit from and may optionally use an embedded controller ( Nios® V processor or another controller). This section describes the register map.

Table 157.  Notation

Shorthand

Definition

RW

Read/write

RO

Read only

WO

Write only

CRO

Clear on read or write, read only

CWO

Clear on read or write, write only


Section Content
Sink General Registers
Sink Timestamp
Sink Bit-Error Counters
FEC Registers
128B/132B Link Quality Test Pattern Registers
Sink MSA Registers
Sink Audio Registers
Sink MST Registers
Sink AUX Controller Interface
Sink CRC Registers
Sink-Supported DPCD Locations
Sink CV2AXI Registers

Level Two Title