Turbo Intel® FPGA IP User Guide

ID 683734
Date 9/30/2022
Public
Document Table of Contents

4.1. Turbo Encoder

The 3GPP Turbo encoder uses a parallel concatenated convolutional code. A convolutional encoder encodes an information sequence and another convolutional encoder encodes an interleaved version of the information sequence. The Turbo encoder has two 8-state constituent encoders and one Turbo code internal interleaver. The Turbo encoder accepts K bits and outputs 3K+12 bits, having a natural code rate 1/3. The last 12 output bits of every packet are termination bits, which guarantee that the state of the encoder is back to state zero in the end of encoding process.
Figure 7. Turbo Encoder Block Diagram

The output from the turbo coder is:

X 0, Z 0, Z’ 0, X 1, Z 1, Z’ 1, ..., X K–1, Z K–1, Z’ K–1

Where:

  • Bits X 0, X 1, ..., X K–1 are input to both the first 8-state constituent encoder and the internal interleaver (K is the number of bits).
  • Bits Z 0, Z 1, ..., Z K–1 and Z’ 0, Z’ 1, ..., Z’ K–1 are output from the first and second 8-state constituent encoders.
  • The bits output from the internal interleaver (and input to the second 8-state constituent encoder) are X’ 0, X’ 1, ..., X’ K–1.
  • Additionally, encoder outputs 12 termination bits, X K , X K+1, X K+2, X’ K, X’ K+1, X’ K+2, Z K, Z K+1, Z K+2, Z’ K, Z’ K+1, Z’ K+2.