Intel scientists are making breakthroughs in silicon photonics by developing silicon-based optical devices that could one day be mass produced alongside Intel microprocessors. Learn more about how Intel is driving silicon photonic innovations that could lead to high-speed optical connections for computers as well as new, affordable devices for biomedical and scientific applications.

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A Hybrid Silicon Laser: Silicon photonics technology for future tera-scale computing [PDF 1.4MB]

Introducing Intel's Advances in Silicon Photonics [PDF 435KB]

Continuous Silicon Laser [PDF 170KB]

Intel's Research in Silicon Photonics Could Bring High-Speed Optical Communication to Silicon [PDF 505KB]

"The Silicon Solution," by Mario Paniccia and Sean Koehl, IEE Spectrum

"Silicon Photonics Could Revolutionize Future Servers and Networks", by Sean Koehl, Converge! Network Digest

"Intel's Breakthrough," by Robert Service, MIT Technology Review

"A Continuous-Wave Raman Silicon Laser" by Haisheng Rong, Richard Jones, Ansheng Liu, Oded Cohen, Dani Hak, Alexander Fang, and Mario Paniccia, Nature [PDF 275KB]

"Silicon Shines On," by Jerome Faist, Nature [PDF 465KB]

"An All-Silicon Raman Laser," by Haisheng Rong, Ansheng Liu, Richard Jones, Oded Cohen, Dani Hak, Remus Nicolaescu, Alexander Fang and Mario Paniccia, Nature [PDF 222KB]

"The Optical Age of Silicon," by Graham T. Reed, Nature, [PDF 138KB]

All-Silicon Laser Makes its Debut, PhysicsWeb

Optical Technologies and Applications (Intel Technology Journal, May 2004)

A. Liu, H. Rong, R. Jones, O. Cohen, D. Hak, and M.Paniccia, "Optical Amplification and Lasing by Stimulated Raman Scattering in Silicon Waveguides," [PDF 589KB], Journal of Lightwave Technology, Volume 24 Issue 3, 1440-1455 (2006).

D. Samara-Rubio, U. Keil, L. Liao, T. Franck, A. Liu, D. Hodge, D. Rubin, and R. Cohen, "Customized Drive Electronics to Extend Silicon Optical Modulators to 4 Gb/s," [PDF 729KB], Journal of Lightwave Technology, Volume 23 Issue 12, 4305-4314 (2005).

A. Liu, D. Samara-Rubio, L. Liao, and M. Paniccia, "Scaling the Modulation Bandwidth and Phase Efficiency of a Silicon Optical Modulator," [PDF 278KB], IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 367-372 (2005).

H. Rong, R. Jones, A. Liu, and M. Paniccia, "Silicon Laser and Amplifier Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering," Proceedings CLEO 2005, May 21-26, Long Beach, CA, USA, Late Paper (2005).

L. Liao,  D. Samara-Rubio,  M. Morse,  A. Liu,  D. Hodge,  D. Rubin,  U. D. Keil, and T. Franck, "High Speed Silicon Mach-Zehnder Modulator," Optics Express, 13, 8, 3129-3135 (2005).

A. Liu, D. Samara-Rubio, L. Liao, and M. Paniccia, "Scaling the Modulation Bandwidth and Phase Efficiency of a Silicon Optical Modulator," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 11, 2, 367-372 (2005).

R. Jones,  A. Liu,  H. Rong,  M. Paniccia,  O. Cohen, and D. Hak, "Lossless Optical Modulation in a Silicon Waveguide Using Stimulated Raman Scattering," Optics Express, 13, 1716-1723 (2005).

H. Rong, R. Jones, A. Liu,  O. Cohen, D. Hak, A. Fang, and M. Paniccia, "A Continuous-Wave Raman Silicon Laser," Nature, 433, 725-728 (2005).

L. Liao, A. Liu, R. Jones, D. Rubin, D. Samara-Rubio, O. Cohen, M. Salib and M. Paniccia, "Phase Modulation Efficiency and Transmission Loss of Silicon Optical Phase Shifters," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 41, 2, 250-257 (2005).

R. Jones, H. Rong, A. Liu, A. Fang, and M. Paniccia, "Net Continuous Wave Optical Gain in a Low Loss Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguide by Stimulated Raman Scattering," Optics Express, 13, 2, 519-525 (2005).

H. Rong, A. Liu, R. Jones, O. Cohen, D. Hak, R. Nicolaescu, A. Fang and M. Paniccia, "An All-Silicon Raman Laser," Nature, 433, 292-294 (2005).

A. Liu,  H. Rong,  M. Paniccia,  O. Cohen, and D. Hak, "Net Optical Gain in a Low Loss Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguide by Stimulated Raman Scattering," Optics Express, 12, 4261-4268 (2004).

H. Rong, A. Liu, R. Nicolaescu, M. Paniccia, "Raman Gain and Nonlinear Optical Absorption Measurements in a Low-Loss Silicon Waveguide," Applied Physics Letters, 85, 12, 2196-2198 (2004).

L. Liao, A. Liu, S. Pang, M. Paniccia, "Tunable Bragg Grating Filters in SOI Waveguides," OSA Integrated Photonics Research Technical Digest  (2004).

R. Jones, M. Paniccia, S. Merritt, "Tunable Waveguide Based External Cavity Laser Using a Silicon/Poly-Silicon Bragg Grating," OSA Integrated Photonics Research Technical Digest  (2004).

M. Salib, M. Morse, L. Liao, R. Jones, D. Samara-Rubio, A. Liu, A. Alduino, M. Paniccia, "Silicon Photonics," Intel Technology Journal , 8, 2, ISSN 1535-864x  (2004).

E. Mohammed, A. Alduino, T. Thomas, H. Braunisch, D. Lu, J. Heck, A. Liu, I. Young, B. Barnett, G. Vandentop, R. Mooney, "Optical Interconnect System Integration for Ultra-Short-Reach Applications," Intel Technology Journal , 8, 2, ISSN 1535-864X (2004).

P. Herve, S. Ovadia, "Optical Technologies for Enterprise Networks," Intel Technology Journal , 8, 2, ISSN 1535-864X (2004).

D. Samara-Rubio, L. Liao, A. Liu, R. Jones, M. Paniccia, O. Cohen, and D. Rubin, “A Gigahertz Silicon-on-Insulator Mach-Zehnder Modulator,” presented at the Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Los Angeles, CA, Feb. 22–27, 2004, Paper PDP15-1461.

A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, M. Paniccia, "A High-Speed Silicon Optical Modulator Based on a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitor," Nature, 427, 615-618  (2004).

"M. Paniccia, M. Morse, and M. Salib, “Integrated Photonics,” Silicon Photonics, L. Pavesi and D. J. Lockwood, Ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 51-85.

G.T. Reed, A.P. Knights, "Silicon Photonics: An Introduction," Silicon Photonics: An Introduction (Book Forward by M. Paniccia), John Wiley and Sons, ISBN: 0-470-87034-6,  (2004).

Intel, UC Santa Barbara Develop World's First Hybrid Silicon Laser, Intel press release

Hybrid Silicon Laser: Interesting Facts [PDF 44KB]

UC Santa Barbara Hybrid Laser Announcement

Intel Scientists Develop World's First Continuous Laser From Standard Silicon, Intel press release

Continuous Silicon Laser: Interesting Facts [PDF 71KB]

Silicon Photonics Glossary

Moore's Law