Critical Issue
No. You cannot program any key if the Tamper Protection Bit is set.
Ensure the required external battery VCCBAT is provided all the time if you use the Volatile Key with Tamper Protection Bit Set security mode.
This information is updated in the Stratix® V Device Handbook: Volume 1: Device Interfaces and Integration, Arria® V Device Handbook: Volume 1: Device Interfaces and Integration, and Cyclone® V Device Handbook: Volume 1: Device Interfaces and Integration to clarify.