Intel Arria 10 or Intel Cyclone 10 GX Avalon -MM DMA Interface for PCI Express Solutions User Guide
Datasheet
Intel Arria 10 or Intel Cyclone 10 GX Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Datasheet
Intel® Arria® 10 and Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX FPGAs include a configurable, hardened protocol stack for PCI Express® that is compliant with the PCI Express Base Specification 3.0 and PCI Express Base Specification 2.0 respectively.
The Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Hard IP for PCI Express with the Avalon® Memory-Mapped (Avalon-MM) DMA interface removes some of the complexities associated with the PCIe protocol. For example, the IP core handles TLP encoding and decoding. In addition, the IP core includes Read DMA and Write DMA engines. If you have already architected your own DMA system with the Avalon-MM interface, you may want to continue to use that system. However, you may benefit from the simplicity of having the included DMA engines. This variant is available in Platform Designer for 128- and 256-bit interfaces to the Application Layer. The Avalon-MM interface and DMA engines are implemented in FPGA soft logic.
| Link Width | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ×2 | ×4 | ×8 | |
|
PCI Express Gen1 (2.5 Gbps) |
Not supported | Not supported |
16 Gbps |
|
PCI Express Gen2 (5.0 Gbps) |
Not supported |
16 Gbps |
32 Gbps |
|
PCI Express Gen3 (8.0 Gbps) |
15.75 Gbps |
31.51 Gbps |
63Gbps |
| Link Width | ||
|---|---|---|
| ×2 | ×4 | |
|
PCI Express Gen1 (2.5 Gbps) |
Not supported | Not supported |
|
PCI Express Gen2 (5.0 Gbps) |
Not supported |
16 Gbps |
Features
New features in the Quartus® Prime 18.0 software release:
- Added support for Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX devices for up to Gen2 x4 configurations.
- Added optional parameter to invert the RX polarity.
The Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Avalon-MM DMA for PCI Express supports the following features:
- Complete protocol stack including the Transaction, Data Link, and Physical Layers implemented as hard IP.
- Native support for Gen1 x8, Gen2 x4, Gen2 x8, Gen3 x2, Gen3 x4, Gen3 x8 for Endpoints for Intel® Arria® 10 devices. The variant downtrains when plugged into a lesser link width or a system which supports a lower maximum link rate.
- Native support for Gen2 x4 for Endpoints for Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX devices. The variant downtrains when plugged into a lesser link width or a system which supports a lower maximum link rate.
- Dedicated 16 KB receive buffer.
- Support for 128- or 256-bit Avalon-MM interface to Application Layer with embedded DMA up to Gen3 ×8 data rate for Intel® Arria® 10.
- Support for 128-bit Avalon-MM interface to Application Layer with embedded DMA for Gen2 x4 for Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX devices.
- Support for 32- or 64-bit addressing for the Avalon-MM interface to the Application Layer.
- Platform Designer design example demonstrating parameterization, design modules, and connectivity.
- Extended credit allocation settings to better optimize the RX buffer space based on application type.
- Optional end-to-end cyclic redundancy code (ECRC) generation and checking and advanced error reporting (AER) for high reliability applications.
- Easy to use:
- Flexible configuration.
- No license requirement.
- Design examples to get started.
| Feature | 128-Bit Interface | 256-Bit Interface 1 |
|---|---|---|
| Gen1 | x8 | Not supported |
| Gen2 | x4, x8 | x8 |
| Gen3 2 | x2, x4 | x4, x8 |
| Root Port | Supported | Supported |
| Tags supported | 16 | 16 or 256 |
| Maximum descriptor size | 1 MB | 1 MB |
| Maximum payload size | 128 or 256 | 128 or 256 |
| Immediate write3 | Not supported | Supported |
Comparison of Avalon-ST, Avalon-MM and Avalon-MM with DMA Interfaces
|
Feature |
Avalon-ST Interface |
Avalon-MM Interface |
Avalon-MM DMA |
|---|---|---|---|
|
IP Core License |
Free |
Free |
Free |
|
Native Endpoint |
Supported |
Supported |
Supported |
|
Root port |
Supported |
Supported |
Supported |
|
Gen1 |
×1, ×2, ×4, ×8 |
×1, ×2, ×4, ×8 |
x8 |
|
Gen2 |
×1, ×2, ×4, ×8 |
×1, ×2, ×4, ×8 |
×4, ×8 |
|
Gen3 |
×1, ×2, ×4, ×8 |
×1, ×2, ×4, x8 4 |
×2, ×4, ×8 5 |
|
64-bit Application Layer interface |
Supported |
Supported |
Not supported |
|
128-bit Application Layer interface |
Supported |
Supported |
Supported |
|
256‑bit Application Layer interface |
Supported |
Supported |
Supported |
|
Maximum payload size |
128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 bytes |
128, 256 bytes |
128, 256 bytes |
|
Number of tags supported for non-posted requests |
32, 64, 128, or 256 |
8 for the 64-bit interface 16 for the 128-bit interface |
16 or 256 |
|
Automatically handle out-of-order completions (transparent to the Application Layer) |
Not supported |
Supported |
Not Supported |
|
Automatically handle requests that cross 4 KB address boundary (transparent to the Application Layer) |
Not supported |
Supported |
Supported |
|
Polarity Inversion of PIPE interface signals |
Supported |
Supported |
Supported |
|
Number of MSI requests |
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 |
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 |
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 |
|
MSI-X |
Supported |
Supported |
Supported |
|
Legacy interrupts |
Supported |
Supported |
Supported |
|
Expansion ROM |
Supported |
Not supported |
Not supported |
| PCIe bifurcation | Not supported | Not supported | Not supported |
|
TLP (Transmit Support) |
Avalon-ST Interface |
Avalon-MM Interface |
Avalon-MM DMA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Memory Read Request (Mrd) | EP/RP | EP/RP | EP/RP (Read DMA Avalon-MM Master) |
| Memory Read Lock Request (MRdLk) | EP/RP | Not supported | Not supported |
| Memory Write Request (MWr) | EP/RP | EP/RP | EP/RP (Write DMA Avalon-MM Master) (TX Slave - optional) |
| I/O Read Request (IORd) | EP/RP | EP/RP | Not supported |
| I/O Write Request (IOWr) | EP/RP | EP/RP | Not supported |
| Config Type 0 Read Request (CfgRd0) | RP | RP | Not supported |
| Config Type 0 Write Request (CfgWr0) | RP | RP | Not supported |
| Config Type 1 Read Request (CfgRd1) | RP | RP | Not supported |
| Config Type 1 Write Request (CfgWr1) | RP | RP | Not supported |
| Message Request (Msg) | EP/RP | Not supported | Not supported |
| Message Request with Data (MsgD) | EP/RP | Not supported | Not supported |
| Completion (Cpl) | EP/RP | EP/RP | EP/RP (Read & Write DMA Avalon-MM Masters) |
| Completion with Data (CplD) | EP/RP | Not supported | EP/RP (Read & Write DMA Avalon-MM Masters) |
| Completion-Locked (CplLk) | EP/RP | Not supported | Not supported |
| Completion Lock with Data (CplDLk) | EP/RP | Not supported | Not supported |
| Fetch and Add AtomicOp Request (FetchAdd) | EP | Not supported | Not supported |
The Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide explains how to use this IP core and not the PCI Express protocol. Although there is inevitable overlap between these two purposes, use this document only in conjunction with an understanding of the PCI Express Base Specification.
Release Information
|
Item |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Version |
18.0 |
| Release Date | May 2018 |
|
Ordering Codes |
No ordering code is required |
|
Product IDs |
The Product ID and Vendor ID are not required because this IP core does not require a license. |
|
Vendor ID |
Intel verifies that the current version of the Intel® Quartus® Prime software compiles the previous version of each IP core, if this IP core was included in the previous release. Intel reports any exceptions to this verification in the Intel IP Release Notes or clarifies them in the Intel® Quartus® Prime IP Update tool. Intel does not verify compilation with IP core versions older than the previous release.
Device Family Support
The following terms define device support levels for Intel® FPGA IP cores:
- Advance support—the IP core is available for simulation and compilation for this device family. Timing models include initial engineering estimates of delays based on early post-layout information. The timing models are subject to change as silicon testing improves the correlation between the actual silicon and the timing models. You can use this IP core for system architecture and resource utilization studies, simulation, pinout, system latency assessments, basic timing assessments (pipeline budgeting), and I/O transfer strategy (data-path width, burst depth, I/O standards tradeoffs).
- Preliminary support—the IP core is verified with preliminary timing models for this device family. The IP core meets all functional requirements, but might still be undergoing timing analysis for the device family. It can be used in production designs with caution.
- Final support—the IP core is verified with final timing models for this device family. The IP core meets all functional and timing requirements for the device family and can be used in production designs.
|
Device Family |
Support Level |
|---|---|
|
Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX |
Final. |
|
Other device families |
Refer to the Intel's PCI Express IP Solutions web page for support information on other device families. |
Design Examples
Platform Designer example designs are available for the Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Avalon-MM DMA for PCI Express IP Core. You can download them from the <install_dir>/ip/altera/altera_pcie/altera_pcie_a10_ed/example_design/a10 and <install_dir>/ip/altera/altera_pcie/altera_pcie_a10_ed/example_design/c10 directories.
Starting from the 18.0 release of the Intel® Quartus® Prime software, you can generate both Endpoint example designs and Root Port example designs.
IP Core Verification
To ensure compliance with the PCI Express specification, Intel performs extensive verification. The simulation environment uses multiple testbenches that consist of industry‑standard bus functional models (BFMs) driving the PCI Express link interface. Intel performs the following tests in the simulation environment:
- Directed and pseudorandom stimuli test the Application Layer interface, Configuration Space, and all types and sizes of TLPs
- Error injection tests inject errors in the link, TLPs, and Data Link Layer Packets (DLLPs), and check for the proper responses
- PCI-SIG® Compliance Checklist tests that specifically test the items in the checklist
- Random tests that test a wide range of traffic patterns
Intel provides example designs that you can leverage to test your PCBs and complete compliance base board testing (CBB testing) at PCI-SIG, upon request.
Compatibility Testing Environment
Intel has performed significant hardware testing to ensure a reliable solution. In addition, Intel internally tests every release with motherboards and PCI Express switches from a variety of manufacturers. All PCI-SIG compliance tests are run with each IP core release.
Resource Utilization
Because the PCIe protocol stack is implemented in hardened logic, it uses no core device resources (no ALMs and no embedded memory).
The Avalon-MM with DMA Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX variants include an Avalon-MM DMA bridge implemented in soft logic that operates as a front end to the hardened protocol stack. The following table shows the typical expected device resource utilization for selected configurations using the current version of the Quartus® Prime software targeting an Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX device. With the exception of M20K memory blocks, the numbers of ALMs and logic registers are rounded up to the nearest 50.
|
Data Rate, Number of Lanes, and Interface Width |
ALMs |
M20K Memory Blocks |
Logic Registers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gen2 x4 128 | 4300 | 29 | 5800 |
|
Gen2 x8 128 |
12700 |
19 |
22300 |
|
Gen3 x8 256 |
18000 |
47 |
31450 |
Recommended Speed Grades
|
Lane Rate |
Link Width |
Interface Width |
Application Clock Frequency (MHz) |
Recommended Speed Grades |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen2 |
×4 |
128 bits |
125 |
–5, –6 |
|
Lane Rate |
Link Width |
Interface Width |
Application Clock Frequency (MHz) |
Recommended Speed Grades |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen1 |
×8 |
128 Bits |
125 |
–1, –2, –3 |
|
Gen2 |
×4 |
128 bits |
125 |
–1, –2, –3 |
|
×8 |
128 bits |
250 |
–1, –2 |
|
|
Gen3 |
×2 |
128 bits |
125 |
–1, –2, –3 |
|
×4 |
128 bits |
250 |
–1, –2 |
|
|
×8 |
256 bits |
250 |
–1, –2 |
Creating a Design for PCI Express
Select the PCIe variant that best meets your design requirements.
- Is your design an Endpoint or Root Port?
- What Generation do you intend to implement?
- What link width do you intend to implement?
- What bandwidth does your application require?
- Does your design require Configuration via Protocol (CvP)?
Getting Started with the Avalon-MM DMA
You can download this Platform Designer design example, ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated.qsys, from the <install_dir>/ ip/altera/altera_pcie/altera_pcie_a10_ed/example_design/a10 directory.
The design example includes the following components:
Avalon-MM DMA for PCI Express
This IP core includes highly efficient DMA Read and DMA Write modules. The DMA Read and Write modules effectively move large blocks of data between the PCI Express address domain and the Avalon-MM address domain using burst data transfers. Depending on the configuration you select, the DMA Read and DMA Write modules use either a 128- or 256-bit Avalon-MM datapath.In addition to high performance data transfer, the DMA Read and DMA Write modules ensure that the requests on the PCI link adhere to the PCI Express Base Specification, 3.0. The DMA Read and Write engines also perform the following functions:
- Divide the original request into multiple requests to avoid crossing 4KByte boundaries.
- Divide the original request into multiple requests to ensure that the maximum payload size is equal to or smaller than the maximum payload size for write requests and maximum read request size for read requests.
- Supports out-of-order completions when the original request is divided into multiple requests to adhere to the read request size. The Read Completions can come back in any order. The Read DMA Avalon-MM master port supports out-of-order Completions by writing the Read Completions to the correct locations. The Read DMA Avalon® -MM master port does not have an internal reordering buffer.
Using the DMA Read and DMA Write modules, you can specify descriptor entry table entries with large payloads.
On-Chip Memory IP core
This IP core stores the DMA data. This memory has a 256-bit data width.Descriptor Controller
The Descriptor Controller manages the Read DMA and Write DMA modules. Host software programs the Descriptor Controller internal registers with the location of the descriptor table. The Descriptor Controller instructs the Read DMA module to copy the entire table to its internal FIFO. It then pushes the table entries to DMA Read or DMA Write modules to transfer data. The Descriptor Controller also sends DMA status upstream via an Avalon-MM TX slave port.In this example design the Descriptor Controller parameter, Instantiate internal descriptor controller, is on. Consequently, the Descriptor Controller is integrated into the Avalon-MM DMA bridge as shown in the figure below. Embedding the Descriptor Controller in the Avalon-MM DMA bridge simplifies the design. If you plan to replace the Descriptor Controller IP core with your own implementation, do not turn on the Instantiate internal descriptor controller in the parameter editor when parameterizing the IP core.
- A single duplex channel.
- Minimum transfer size of one dword (4 bytes).
- Maximum transfer size of 1 M (1024 * 1024) - 4 bytes.Note: Although the Descriptor Controller supports a maximum transfer size of (1 M (1024 * 1024) - 4 bytes), the on-chip memory in this design example is smaller. Consequently, this design example cannot handle the maximum transfer size.
- Endpoints, only.
- Provides status to host software by generating an MSI interrupt when the DMA transfer completes.
Design Example Limitations
This design example is intended to show basic DMA functionality. It is not a substitute for a robust verification testbench. If you modify this testbench, be sure to verify that the modifications result in the correct behavior.
Understanding the Avalon-MM DMA Ports
| Function | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TXS | Txs | This is an Avalon-MM slave
port. In a typical application, an
Avalon®
-MM master uses this port to send memory reads or
writes to the PCIe domain. The Descriptor Controller uses it to write DMA status back to descriptor space in the PCIe domain when the DMA completes its operation. The Descriptor Controller also uses this port to send MSI interrupts upstream. |
| Read Data Mover | dma_rd_master | This is an
Avalon®
-MM master port. The Read Data Mover moves data from the PCIe domain to the on-chip memory during normal read DMA operation. The Read Data Mover also fetches the descriptors from the PCIe domain and writes them to the FIFO in the Descriptor Controller. There are two separate descriptor tables for the read and write write DMA descriptors.The dma_rd_master connects to wr_dts_slave port to load the write DMA descriptor FIFO and rd_dts_slave port to load the read DMA descriptor FIFO. |
| Write Data Mover | dma_wr_master | This is an
Avalon®
-MM master port. The Write Data Mover reads data from the on-chip memory and then writes data to the PCIe domain. |
| Descriptor Controller FIFOs | wr_dts_slave and rd_dts_slave | This is an
Avalon®
-MM slave port for the
Descriptor Controller FIFOs. When the Read Data Mover fetches
the descriptors from system memory, it writes the descriptors to
the FIFO using this port. Because there are separate descriptor
tables for read and write, there are two ports. The address range for the write DMA FIFO is 0x100_0000—0x100_1FFF. The address range for the read DMA FIFO is 0x100_2000—0x100_3FFF. |
| Control in the Descriptor Controller | wr_dcm_master and rd_dcm_master | The control block in the
Descriptor Controller has one transmit and one receive port, one
for read DMA and another one for write DMA. The receive port
connects to the RXM_BAR0 and
the transmit port connects to the Txs. The receive path from the RXM_BAR0 connects internally. It is not shown in the connections panel. For the transmit path, both read and write DMA ports connect to the Txs externally as shown in the connections panel. |
| RXM_BAR0 | not shown in connections panel | This is an Avalon® -MM master port. It passes the memory access from PCIe host to PCIe BAR0. The host uses this port to program the Descriptor Controller. Because this Platform Designer system uses an internal descriptor controller, the port connection is not shown in Platform Designer. The connection is inside the a10_pcie_hip_0 module. |
| RXM_BAR4 | Rxm_BAR4 | This is an
Avalon®
-MM master port. It passes
the memory access from PCIe host to PCIe BAR4. In the Platform Designer system, it connects to the on-chip
memory. The PCIe host accesses the memory through PCIe BAR4 In a typical application, system software controls this port to initialize random data in the on-chip memory. Software also reads the data back to verify correct operation. |
Generating the Testbench
- Copy the example design, ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated.qsys, from the installation directory: <install_dir>/ip/altera/altera_pcie/altera_pcie_a10_ed/example_design/a10/ to your working directory.
-
Start Platform Designer, by typing the following
command:
qsys-edit
- Open ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated.qsys.
Understanding the Simulation Generated Files
|
Directory |
Description |
|---|---|
| <working_dir>/ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated_tb/ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated_tb/ | Includes directories for all components of the
testbench. Also includes the following files:
|
| <working_dir>/ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated_tb/ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated_tb/sim/<cad_vendor>/ |
Includes testbench subdirectories for the Aldec, Cadence, Mentor, and Synopsys simulation tools with the required libraries and simulation scripts. |
Understanding Simulation Log File Generation
| Time | TLP Type | Payload (Bytes) | TLP Header |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17989 RX | CfgRd0 | 0004 | 04000001_0000000F_01080008 |
| 17989 RX | MRd | 0000 | 00000000_00000000_01080000 |
| 18021 RX | CfgRd0 | 0004 | 04000001_0000010F_0108002C |
| 18053 RX | CfgRd0 | 0004 | 04000001_0000030F_0108003C |
| 18085 RX | MRd | 0000 | 00000000_00000000_0108000C |
Simulating the Example Design in ModelSim
- In a terminal, change directory to <workingdir>/pcie_g3x8_integrated_tb/ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated_tb/sim/mentor.
- Start the ModelSim® simulator.
-
To run the simulation, type the following commands in a terminal
window:
- Various configuration accesses after the link is initialized
- Setup of the DMA controller to read data from the BFM’s shared memory
- Setup of the DMA controller to write the same data back to the BFM’s shared memory
- Data comparison and report of any mismatch
Running a Gate-Level Simulation
The PCI Express testbenches run simulations at the register transfer level (RTL). However, it is possible to create your own gate-level simulations. Contact your Intel Sales Representative for instructions and an example that illustrates how to create a gate-level simulation from the RTL testbench.
Generating Synthesis Files
Compiling the Design
- On the Quartus® Prime Processing menu, click Start Compilation.
- After compilation, expand the TimeQuest Timing Analyzer folder in the Compilation Report. Note whether the timing constraints are achieved in the Compilation Report.
If your design does not initially meet the timing constraints, you can find the optimal Fitter settings for your design by using the Design Space Explorer. To use the Design Space Explorer, click Launch Design Space Explorer on the Tools menu.
Creating a Quartus Prime Project
You can create a new Quartus® Prime project with the New Project Wizard, which helps you specify the working directory for the project, assign the project name, and designate the name of the top-level design entity.
- On the Quartus® Prime File menu, click then New Project Wizard, then Next.
- Click Next in the New Project Wizard: Introduction (The introduction does not appear if you previously turned it off.)
- On the Directory, Name, Top-Level Entity page, enter the following information:
- For What is the working directory for this project, browse to <project_dir>/ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated/.
- For What is the name of this project? browse to the <project_dir>/ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated/synth directory and select ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated.v.
- Click Next.
- For Project Type select Empty project.
- Click Next.
- On the Add Files page, add <project_dir>/ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated/synth/ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated.qip to your Quartus® Prime project.Click
- Click Next to display the Family & Device Settings page.
- On the Device
page, choose the following target device family and options:
- In the Family list, select Intel® Arria® 10 (GX/SX/GT) or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX .
- In the Devices list, select All.
- In the Available devices list, select the appropriate device. For Intel® Arria® 10 FPGA Development Kit, select 10AX115S2F45I1SG.
Note: Currently, you cannot target an Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Development Kit when generating an example design for Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX. - Click Next to close this page and display the EDA Tool Settings page.
- From the Simulation list, select ModelSim. From the Format list, select the HDL language you intend to use for simulation.
- Click Next to display the Summary page.
- Check the Summary page to ensure that you have entered all the information correctly.
- Click Finish.
- Save your project.
Parameter Settings
Parameters
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Design Environment |
Standalone
System |
Identifies the environment that the IP is in.
|
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Application Interface Type |
Avalon-ST
Avalon-MM Avalon-MM with DMA Avalon-ST with SR-IOV |
Selects the interface to the Application Layer. Note: When the Design
Environment parameter is set to System, all four Application Interface Types are
available. However, when Design
Environment is set to Standalone, only Avalon-ST and Avalon-ST with SR-IOV are available.
|
| Hard IP mode |
Gen3x8, Interface: 256-bit, 250 MHz Gen3x4, Interface: 256-bit, 125 MHz Gen3x4, Interface: 128-bit, 250 MHz Gen3x2, Interface: 128-bit, 125 MHz Gen3x2, Interface: 64-bit, 250 MHz Gen3x1, Interface: 64-bit, 125 MHz Gen2x8, Interface: 256-bit, 125 MHz Gen2x8, Interface: 128-bit, 250 MHz Gen2x4, Interface: 128-bit, 125 MHz Gen2x2, Interface: 64-bit, 125 MHz Gen2x4, Interface: 64-bit, 250 MHz Gen2x1, Interface: 64-bit, 125 MHz Gen1x8, Interface: 128-bit, 125 MHz Gen1x8, Interface: 64-bit, 250 MHz Gen1x4, Interface: 64-bit, 125 MHz Gen1x2, Interface: 64-bit, 125 MHz Gen1x1, Interface: 64-bit, 125 MHz Gen1x1, Interface: 64-bit, 62.5 MHz |
Selects the following elements:
Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX devices support up to Gen2 x4 configurations. |
|
Port type |
Native Endpoint Root Port |
Specifies the port type. The Endpoint stores parameters in the Type 0 Configuration Space. The Root Port stores parameters in the Type 1 Configuration Space. You can enable the Root Port in the current release. Root Port mode only supports the Avalon® -MM interface type, and it only supports basic simulation and compilation. However, the Root Port mode is not fully verified. |
|
RX Buffer credit allocation -performance for received requests |
Minimum Low Balanced High Maximum |
Determines the allocation of posted header credits, posted data credits, non-posted header credits, completion header credits, and completion data credits in the 16 KB RX buffer. The settings allow you to adjust the credit allocation to optimize your system. The credit allocation for the selected setting displays in the Message pane. The Message pane dynamically updates the number of credits for Posted, Non-Posted Headers and Data, and Completion Headers and Data as you change this selection. Refer to the Throughput Optimization chapter for more information about optimizing your design. Refer to the RX Buffer Allocation Selections Available by Interface Type below for the availability of these settings by interface type. Minimum—configures the minimum PCIe specification allowed for non-posted and posted request credits, leaving most of the RX Buffer space for received completion header and data. Select this option for variations where application logic generates many read requests and only infrequently receives single requests from the PCIe link. Low—configures a slightly larger amount of RX Buffer space for non-posted and posted request credits, but still dedicates most of the space for received completion header and data. Select this option for variations where application logic generates many read requests and infrequently receives small bursts of requests from the PCIe link. This option is recommended for typical endpoint applications where most of the PCIe traffic is generated by a DMA engine that is located in the endpoint application layer logic. Balanced—configures approximately half the RX Buffer space to received requests and the other half of the RX Buffer space to received completions. Select this option for variations where the received requests and received completions are roughly equal. High—configures most of the RX Buffer space for received requests and allocates a slightly larger than minimum amount of space for received completions. Select this option where most of the PCIe requests are generated by the other end of the PCIe link and the local application layer logic only infrequently generates a small burst of read requests. This option is recommended for typical Root Port applications where most of the PCIe traffic is generated by DMA engines located in the endpoints. Maximum—configures the minimum PCIe specification allowed amount of completion space, leaving most of the RX Buffer space for received requests. Select this option when most of the PCIe requests are generated by the other end of the PCIe link and the local application layer logic never or only infrequently generates single read requests. This option is recommended for control and status endpoint applications that do not generate any PCIe requests of their own and only are the target of write and read requests from the root complex. |
| RX Buffer completion credits |
Header credits Data credits |
Displays the number of completion credits in the 16 KB RX buffer resulting from the credit allocation parameter. Each header credit is 16 bytes. Each data credit is 20 bytes. |
RX Buffer Allocation Selections Available by Interface Type
| Interface Type | Minimum | Low | Balanced | High | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avalon-ST | Available | Available | Available | Available | Available |
| Avalon-MM | Available | Available | Available | Not Available | Not Available |
| Avalon-MM with DMA | Available | Available | Available | Not Available | Not Available |
| Avalon-ST with SR-IOV | Available | Available | Available | Available | Available |
Intel Arria 10 or Intel Cyclone 10 GX Avalon-MM Settings
| Parameter | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Avalon-MM address width |
32-bit 64-bit |
Specifies the address width for Avalon-MM RX master ports that access Avalon-MM slaves in the Avalon address domain. When you select 32-bit addresses, the PCI Express Avalon-MM DMA bridge performs address translation. When you specify 64-bits addresses, no address translation is performed in either direction. The destination address specified is forwarded to the Avalon-MM interface without any changes. For the Avalon-MM interface with DMA, this value must be set to 64. |
| Enable control register access (CRA) Avalon-MM slave port | On/Off |
Allows read and write access to bridge registers from the interconnect fabric using a specialized slave port. This option is required for Requester/Completer variants and optional for Completer Only variants. Enabling this option allows read and write access to bridge registers, except in the Completer‑Only single dword variations. |
| Export MSI/MSI-X conduit interfaces | On/Off |
When you turn this option On, the core exports top‑level MSI and MSI‑X interfaces that you can use to implement a Custom Interrupt Handler for MSI and MSI‑X interrupts. For more information about the Custom Interrupt Handler, refer to Interrupts for End Points Using the Avalon-MM Interface with Multiple MSI/MSI‑X Support. If you turn this option Off, the core handles interrupts internally. |
| Enable hard IP status bus when using the Avalon-MM interface | On/Off | When you turn this option On, your top-level variant includes
signals that are useful for debugging, including link training and
status, and error signals. The following signals are included in the
top-level variant:
|
| Instantiate Internal Descriptor Controller | On/Off | When you turn this option On, the descriptor controller is included in the Avalon-MM DMA bridge. When you turn this option off, the descriptor controller should be included as a separate external component. Turn this option on, if you plan to use the Intel-provided descriptor controller in your design. Turn this option off if you plan to modify or replace the descriptor controller logic in your design. |
| Enable burst capabilities for RXM BAR2 port | On/Off | When you turn this option On, the BAR2 RX Avalon-MM masters is burst capable. If BAR2 is 32 bits and Burst capable, then BAR3 is not available for other use. If BAR2 is 64 bits, the BAR3 register holds the upper 32 bits of the address. |
| Enable 256 tags | On/Off | When you turn this option On, the core supports 256 tags, improving the performance of high latency systems. Turning this option on turns on the Extended Tag bit in the Control register. |
| Address width of accessible PCIe memory space | 20-64 | Specifies the number of bits necessary to access the PCIe address space. |
Base Address Register (BAR) Settings
The type and size of BARs available depend on port type.
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Type |
Disabled 64-bit prefetchable memory 32-bit non-prefetchable memory 32-bit prefetchable memory I/O address space |
If you select 64-bit prefetchable memory, 2 contiguous BARs are combined to form a 64-bit prefetchable BAR; you must set the higher numbered BAR to Disabled. A non-prefetchable 64‑bit BAR is not supported because in a typical system, the Root Port Type 1 Configuration Space sets the maximum non‑prefetchable memory window to 32 bits. The BARs can also be configured as separate 32‑bit memories. Defining memory as prefetchable allows contiguous data to be fetched ahead. Prefetching memory is advantageous when the requestor may require more data from the same region than was originally requested. If you specify that a memory is prefetchable, it must have the following 2 attributes:
|
|
Size |
N/A | Platform Designer automatically calculates the required size after you connect your components. |
Device Identification Registers
|
Register Name |
Range |
Default Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Vendor ID |
16 bits |
0x00001172 |
Sets the read-only value of the Vendor ID register. This parameter cannot be set to 0xFFFF, per the PCI Express Specification. Address offset: 0x000. |
|
Device ID |
16 bits |
0x00000000 |
Sets the read-only value of the Device ID register. This register is only valid in the Type 0 (Endpoint) Configuration Space. Address offset: 0x000. |
|
Revision ID |
8 bits |
0x00000000 |
Sets the read-only value of the Revision ID register. Address offset: 0x008. |
|
Class code |
24 bits |
0x00000000 |
Sets the read-only value of the Class Code register. Address offset: 0x008. |
|
Subsystem Vendor ID |
16 bits |
0x00000000 |
Sets the read-only value of the Subsystem Vendor ID register in the PCI Type 0 Configuration Space. This parameter cannot be set to 0xFFFF per the PCI Express Base Specification. This value is assigned by PCI-SIG to the device manufacturer. This register is only valid in the Type 0 (Endpoint) Configuration Space. Address offset: 0x02C. |
|
Subsystem Device ID |
16 bits |
0x00000000 |
Sets the read-only value of the Subsystem Device ID register in the PCI Type 0 Configuration Space. Address offset: 0x02C |
PCI Express and PCI Capabilities Parameters
This group of parameters defines various capability properties of the IP core. Some of these parameters are stored in the PCI Configuration Space - PCI Compatible Configuration Space. The byte offset indicates the parameter address.
Device Capabilities
|
Parameter |
Possible Values |
Default Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Maximum payload size |
128 bytes 256 bytes 512 bytes 1024 bytes 2048 bytes |
128 bytes |
Specifies the maximum payload size supported. This parameter sets the read-only value of the max payload size supported field of the Device Capabilities register (0x084[2:0]). Address: 0x084. The Maximum payload size is 256 Bytes for the Avalon-MM interface and for the Avalon-MM with DMA interface. |
|
Completion timeout range |
ABCD BCD ABC AB B A None |
ABCD |
Indicates device function support for the optional completion timeout programmability mechanism. This mechanism allows system software to modify the completion timeout value. This field is applicable only to Root Ports and Endpoints that issue requests on their own behalf. This parameter must be set to NONE for the Avalon-MM with DMA interface. Completion timeouts are specified and enabled in the Device Control 2 register (0x0A8) of the PCI Express Capability Structure Version. For all other functions this field is reserved and must be hardwired to 0x0000b. Four time value ranges are defined:
Bits are set to show timeout value ranges supported. The function must implement a timeout value in the range 50 s to 50 ms. The following values specify the range:
All other values are reserved. Intel recommends that the completion timeout mechanism expire in no less than 10 ms. |
|
Disable completion timeout |
On/Off |
On |
Disables the completion timeout mechanism. When On, the core supports the completion timeout disable mechanism via the PCI Express Device Control Register 2. The Application Layer logic must implement the actual completion timeout mechanism for the required ranges. |
Error Reporting
|
Parameter |
Value |
Default Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Advanced error reporting (AER) |
On/Off |
Off |
When On, enables the Advanced Error Reporting (AER) capability. |
|
ECRC checking |
On/Off |
Off |
When On, enables ECRC checking. Sets the read-only value of the ECRC check capable bit in the Advanced Error Capabilities and Control Register. This parameter requires you to enable the AER capability. |
|
ECRC generation |
On/Off |
Off |
When On, enables ECRC generation capability. Sets the read-only value of the ECRC generation capable bit in the Advanced Error Capabilities and Control Register. This parameter requires you to enable the AER capability. |
| Enable ECRC forwarding on the Avalon-ST interface | On/Off |
Off |
When On, enables ECRC forwarding to the Application Layer. On the Avalon-ST RX path, the incoming TLP contains the ECRC dword(1) and the TD bit is set if an ECRC exists. On the transmit the TLP from the Application Layer must contain the ECRC dword and have the TD bit set. |
| Track RX completion buffer overflow on the Avalon- ST interface | On/Off |
Off |
When On, the core includes the rxfx_cplbuf_ovf output status signal to track the RX posted completion buffer overflow status |
Link Capabilities
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Link port number (Root Port only) |
0x01 |
Sets the read-only value of the port number field in the Link Capabilities register. This parameter is for Root Ports only. It should not be changed. |
|
Data link layer active reporting (Root Port only) |
On/Off |
Turn On this parameter for a Root
Port, if the attached Endpoint supports the optional capability of
reporting the DL_Active state of the Data Link Control and Management
State Machine. For a hot-plug capable Endpoint (as indicated by the
Hot Plug Capable field of the
Slot Capabilities register), this
parameter must be turned On. For
Root Port components that do not support this optional capability, turn
Off this option. Not applicable for Avalon-MM or Avalon-MM DMA interfaces. |
|
Surprise down reporting (Root Port only) |
On/Off |
When your turn this option On,
an Endpoint supports the optional capability of detecting and reporting
the surprise down error condition. The error condition is read from the
Root Port. Not applicable for Avalon-MM or Avalon-MM DMA interfaces. |
|
Slot clock configuration |
On/Off |
When you turn this option On, indicates that the Endpoint or Root Port uses the same physical reference clock that the system provides on the connector. When Off, the IP core uses an independent clock regardless of the presence of a reference clock on the connector. This parameter sets the Slot Clock Configuration bit (bit 12) in the PCI Express Link Status register. |
MSI and MSI-X Capabilities
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
MSI messages requested |
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 |
Specifies the number of messages the Application Layer can request. Sets the value of the Multiple Message Capable field of the Message Control register, Address: 0x050[31:16]. |
| MSI-X Capabilities | ||
|
Implement MSI-X |
On/Off |
When On, adds the MSI-X functionality. |
| Bit Range | ||
|
Table size |
[10:0] |
System software reads this field to determine the MSI-X Table size <n>, which is encoded as <n–1>. For example, a returned value of 2047 indicates a table size of 2048. This field is read-only in the MSI-X Capability Structure. Legal range is 0–2047 (211). Address offset: 0x068[26:16] |
|
Table offset |
[31:0] |
Points to the base of the MSI-X Table. The lower 3 bits of the table BAR indicator (BIR) are set to zero by software to form a 64-bit qword-aligned offset. This field is read-only. |
|
Table BAR indicator |
[2:0] |
Specifies which one of a function’s BARs, located beginning at 0x10 in Configuration Space, is used to map the MSI-X table into memory space. This field is read-only. Legal range is 0–5. |
|
Pending bit array (PBA) offset |
[31:0] |
Used as an offset from the address contained in one of the function’s Base Address registers to point to the base of the MSI-X PBA. The lower 3 bits of the PBA BIR are set to zero by software to form a 32-bit qword-aligned offset. This field is read-only in the MSI-X Capability Structure. 6 |
| Pending BAR indicator |
[2:0] |
Specifies the function Base Address registers, located beginning at 0x10 in Configuration Space, that maps the MSI-X PBA into memory space. This field is read-only in the MSI-X Capability Structure. Legal range is 0–5. |
Slot Capabilities
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Use Slot register |
On/Off |
This parameter is only supported in Root Port mode. The slot capability is required for Root Ports if a slot is implemented on the port. Slot status is recorded in the PCI Express Capabilities register. Defines the characteristics of the slot. You turn on this option by selecting Enable slot capability. Refer to the figure below for bit definitions. Not applicable for Avalon-MM DMA. |
|
Slot power scale |
0–3 |
Specifies the scale used for the Slot power limit. The following coefficients are defined:
The default value prior to hardware and firmware initialization is b’00. Writes to this register also cause the port to send the Set_Slot_Power_Limit Message. Refer to Section 6.9 of the PCI Express Base Specification Revision for more information. |
|
Slot power limit |
0–255 |
In combination with the Slot power scale value, specifies the upper limit in watts on power supplied by the slot. Refer to Section 7.8.9 of the PCI Express Base Specification for more information. |
|
Slot number |
0-8191 |
Specifies the slot number. |
Power Management
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Endpoint L0s acceptable latency |
Maximum of 64 ns Maximum of 128 ns Maximum of 256 ns Maximum of 512 ns Maximum of 1 us Maximum of 2 us Maximum of 4 us No limit |
This design parameter specifies the maximum acceptable latency that the device can tolerate to exit the L0s state for any links between the device and the root complex. It sets the read-only value of the Endpoint L0s acceptable latency field of the Device Capabilities Register (0x084). This Endpoint does not support the L0s or L1 states. However, in a switched system there may be links connected to switches that have L0s and L1 enabled. This parameter is set to allow system configuration software to read the acceptable latencies for all devices in the system and the exit latencies for each link to determine which links can enable Active State Power Management (ASPM). This setting is disabled for Root Ports. The default value of this parameter is 64 ns. This is a safe setting for most designs. |
| Endpoint L1 acceptable latency |
Maximum of 1 us Maximum of 2 us Maximum of 4 us Maximum of 8 us Maximum of 16 us Maximum of 32 us Maximum of 64 nsNo limit |
This value indicates the acceptable latency that an Endpoint can withstand in the transition from the L1 to L0 state. It is an indirect measure of the Endpoint’s internal buffering. It sets the read-only value of the Endpoint L1 acceptable latency field of the Device Capabilities Register. This Endpoint does not support the L0s or L1 states. However, a switched system may include links connected to switches that have L0s and L1 enabled. This parameter is set to allow system configuration software to read the acceptable latencies for all devices in the system and the exit latencies for each link to determine which links can enable Active State Power Management (ASPM). This setting is disabled for Root Ports. The default value of this parameter is 1 µs. This is a safe setting for most designs. |
Vendor Specific Extended Capability (VSEC)
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vendor Specific Extended Capability (VSEC) ID: | 0x00001172 | Sets the read-only value of the 16-bit User ID register from the Vendor Specific Extended Capability. |
| Vendor Specific Extended Capability (VSEC) Revision: | 0x00000000 | Sets the read-only value of the 4-bit VSEC Revision register from the Vendor Specific Extended Capability. |
| User Device or Board Type ID register from the Vendor Specific Extended Capability: | 0x00000000 | Sets the read-only value of the 16-bit Device or Board Type ID register from the Vendor Specific Extended Capability. |
Configuration, Debug, and Extension Options
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| Enable configuration via Protocol (CvP) |
On/Off |
When On, the Quartus® Prime software places the Endpoint in the location required for configuration via protocol (CvP). For more information about CvP, click the Configuration via Protocol (CvP) link below. CvP is supported for Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX devices from the Intel® Quartus® Prime release 17.1.1 onwards. |
| Enable dynamic reconfiguration of PCIe read-only registers |
On/Off |
When On, you can use the Hard IP reconfiguration bus to dynamically reconfigure Hard IP read‑only registers. For more information refer to Hard IP Reconfiguration Interface. |
| Enable transceiver dynamic reconfiguration | On/Off | When on, creates an Avalon-MM slave interface that software can drive to update transceiver registers. |
| Enable Altera Debug Master Endpoint (ADME) |
On/Off |
When On, an embedded Altera Debug Master Endpoint connects internally to the Avalon-MM slave interface for dynamic reconfiguration. The ADME can access the reconfiguration space of the transceiver. It uses JTAG via the System Console to run tests and debug functions. |
| Enable Intel® Arria® 10 FPGA Development Kit connection | On/Off | When On, add control and status conduit interface to the top level variant, to be connected a PCIe Development Kit component. |
PHY Characteristics
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Gen2 TX de-emphasis |
3.5dB 6dB |
Specifies the transmit de-emphasis for Gen2. Intel recommends the following settings:
|
| Requested equalization far-end TX preset | Preset0-Preset9 | Specifies the requested TX preset for Phase 2 and 3 far-end transmitter. The default value Preset8 provides the best signal quality for most designs. |
| Enable soft DFE controller IP |
On Off |
When On, the PCIe Hard IP core includes a decision feedback equalization (DFE) soft controller in the FPGA fabric to improve the bit error rate (BER) margin. The default for this option is Off because the DFE controller is typically not required. However, short reflective links may benefit from this soft DFE controller IP. This parameter is available only for Gen3 mode. It is not supported when CvP or autonomous modes are enabled. |
| Enable RX-polarity inversion in soft logic |
On Off |
This parameter mitigates the following RX-polarity inversion problem. When the Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Hard IP core receives TS2 training sequences during the Polling.Config state, when you have not enabled this parameter, automatic lane polarity inversion is not guaranteed. The link may train to a smaller than expected link width or may not train successfully. This problem can affect configurations with any PCIe® speed and width. When you include this parameter, polarity inversion is available for all configurations except Gen1 x1. This fix does not support CvP or autonomous mode. |
Example Designs
|
Parameter |
Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Available Example Designs |
DMA PIO |
When you select the DMA option, the generated example design includes a direct memory access application. This application includes upstream and downstream transactions. When you select the PIO option, the generated design includes a target application including only downstream transactions. |
| Simulation | On/Off | When On, the generated output includes a simulation model. |
| Synthesis | On/Off | When On, the generated output includes a synthesis model. |
| Generated HDL format |
Verilog/VHDL |
Verilog HDL and VHDL are supported |
| Select Board |
Intel® Arria® 10 FPGA GX Development Kit Intel® Arria® 10 FPGA GX Development Kit ES2 None |
Specifies the Intel® Arria® 10 development kit. Select None to download to a custom board. Note: Currently, you cannot target an
Intel®
Cyclone® 10 GX
Development Kit when generating an example design.
|
Physical Layout
Hard IP Block Placement In Intel Cyclone 10 GX Devices
Refer to the Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Device Transceiver Layout in the Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Transceiver PHY User Guide for comprehensive figures for Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX devices.
Hard IP Block Placement In Intel Arria 10 Devices
Refer to the Intel® Arria® 10 Transceiver Layout in the Intel® Arria® 10 for comprehensive figures for Intel® Arria® 10 GT, GX, and SX devices.
Channel and Pin Placement for the Gen1, Gen2, and Gen3 Data Rates
In these figures, channels that are not used for the PCI Express protocol are available for other protocols. Unused channels are shown in gray.
For the possible values of <txvr_block_N> and <txvr_block_N+1>, refer to the figures that show the physical location of the Hard IP PCIe blocks in the different types of Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX devices, at the start of this chapter. For each hard IP block, the transceiver block that is adjacent and extends below the hard IP block, is <txvr_block_N>, and the transceiver block that is directly above is <txvr_block_N+1> . For example, in an Intel® Arria® 10 device with 96 transceiver channels and four PCIe hard IP blocks, if your design uses the hard IP block that supports CvP, <txvr_block_N> is GXB1C and <txvr_block_N+1> is GXB1D.
Channel Placement and fPLL and ATX PLL Usage for the Gen3 Data Rate
Gen3 variants must initially train at the Gen1 data rate. Consequently, Gen3 variants require an fPLL to generate the 2.5 and 5.0 Gbps clocks, and an ATX PLL to generate the 8.0 Gbps clock. In these figures, channels that are not used for the PCI Express protocol are available for other protocols. Unused channels are shown in gray.
PCI Express Gen3 Bank Usage Restrictions
Any transceiver channels that share a bank with active PCI Express interfaces that are Gen3 capable have the following restrictions. This includes both Hard IP and Soft IP implementations:
- When VCCR_GXB and VCCT_GXB are set to 1.03 V or 1.12 V, the maximum data rate supported for the non-PCIe channels in those banks is 12.5 Gbps for chip-to-chip applications. These channels cannot be used to drive backplanes or for GT rates.
PCI Express interfaces that are only Gen1 or Gen2 capable are not affected.
Status
Affects all Intel® Arria® 10 ES and production devices. No fix is planned.
IP Core Interfaces
This chapter describes the top-level signals of the Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Hard IP for PCI Express® using the Avalon® -MM interface with DMA. The Avalon® -MM DMA bridge includes high-performance, burst-capable Read DMA and Write DMA modules. The DMA Descriptor Controller that controls the Read DMA and Write DMA modules can be included in the Avalon® -MM DMA bridge or separately instantiated. It uses 64-bit addressing, making address translation unnecessary. A separately instantiated Descriptor Controller manages the Read DMA and Write DMA modules. This variant is available for the following configurations:
- Gen1 x8
- Gen2 x4
- Gen2 x8
- Gen3 x2
- Gen3 x4
- Gen3 x8
Intel Arria 10 or Intel Cyclone 10 GX DMA Avalon-MM DMA Interface to the Application Layer
Depending on the device, the interface to the Application Layer can be 128 or 256 bits.
This section describes the interfaces that are required to implement the DMA. All other interfaces are described in the next section, Avalon-MM Interface to the Application Layer.
Avalon-MM DMA Interfaces when Descriptor Controller Is Internally Instantiated
The following figure shows the Avalon-MM DMA Bridge, implemented in soft logic. It interfaces to the Hard IP for PCIe through Avalon® -ST interfaces.
In the following figure, Avalon® -ST connections and the connection from the BAR0 non-bursting master to the Descriptor Controller slaves are internal. Dashed black lines show these connections. Connections between the Descriptor Controller Masters and the non-bursting slave and the connections between the Read DMA Data Master and the Descriptor Table Slaves are made in the Platform Designer. Blue lines show these connections.
The numbers in this figure describe the following steps in the DMA write flow:
- The CPU writes registers in the Descriptor Controller Slave to start the DMA.
- The Descriptor Controller instructs the Read Data Mover to fetch the descriptor table.
- The Read Data Mover forwards the descriptor table to the PCIe Write Descriptor Table Slave.
- The Descriptor Controller instructs the Write Data Mover to transfer data.
- The Write Data Mover transfers data from FPGA to system memory.
- The Write Data Mover notifies the Descriptor Controller of the completion of the data transfer using the done bit.
- The Descriptor Controller Master updates the status of the descriptor table in system memory.
- The Descriptor Controller Master sends an MSI interrupt to the host.
The numbers in this figure describe the following steps in the DMA read flow:
- The CPU writes registers in the Descriptor Controller Slave to start the DMA.
- The Descriptor Controller instructs the Read Data Mover to fetch the descriptor table.
- The Read Data Mover forwards the descriptor table to the PCIe Read Descriptor Table Slave.
- The Descriptor Controller instructs the Read Data Mover to transfer data.
- The Read Data Mover transfers data from system memory to FPGA.
- The Read Data Mover notifies the Descriptor Controller of the completion of the data transfer using the done bit.
- The Descriptor Controller Master updates the status of the descriptor table in system memory.
- The Descriptor Controller Master sends an MSI interrupt to the host.
When the optional Descriptor Controller is included in the bridge, the Avalon-MM bridge includes the following Avalon® interfaces to implement the DMA functionality:
- PCIe Read DMA Data Master (rd_dma): This is a 256-bit wide write only Avalon-MM master interface which supports bursts of up to 16 cycles with the rd_dma* prefix. The Read Data Mover uses this interface to write at high throughput the blocks of data that it has read from the PCIe® system memory space. This interface writes descriptors to the Read and Write Descriptor table slaves and to any other Avalon® -MM connected slaves interfaces.
- PCIe Write DMA Data Master (wr_dma): This read-only interface transfers blocks of data from the Avalon-MM domain to the PCIe system memory space at high throughput. It drives read transactions on its bursting Avalon-MM master interface. It also creates PCIe Memory Write (MWr) TLPs with data payload from Avalon® -MM reads. It forwards the MWr TLPs to the Hard IP for transmission on the link. The Write Data Mover module decomposes the transfers into the required number of Avalon-MM burst read transactions and PCIe MWr TLPs. This is a bursting, 256-bit Avalon-MM interface with the wr_dma prefix.
- PCIe Read Descriptor Table Slave (rd_dts): This is a 256-bit Avalon-MM slave interface that supports write bursts of up to 16 cycles. The PCIe Read DMA Data Master writes descriptors to this table. This connection is made outside the DMA bridge because the Read Data Mover also typically connects to other Avalon-MM slaves. The prefix for this interface is rd_dts.
- PCIe Write Descriptor Table Slave (wr_dts): This is a 256-bit Avalon-MM slave interface that supports write bursts of up to 16 cycles. The PCIe Read DMA Data Master writes descriptors to this table. The PCIe Read DMA Data Master must connect to this interface outside the DMA bridge because the bursting master interface may also need to be connected to the destination of the PCIe Read Data Mover. The prefix for this interface is wr_dts.
- Descriptor Controller Master (DCM): This is a 32-bit, non-bursting Avalon-MM master interface with write-only capability. It controls the non-bursting Avalon-MM slave that transmits single DWORD DMA status information to the host. The prefixes for this interface are wr_dcm and rd_dcm.
- Descriptor Controller Slave (DCS): This is a 32-bit,
non-bursting Avalon-MM slave interface with read and write access. The host
accesses this interface through the BAR0 Non-Bursting Avalon-MM Master, to
program the Descriptor Controller.Note: This is not a top-level interface of the Avalon-MM Bridge. Because it connects to BAR0, you cannot use BAR0 to access any other Avalon-MM slave interface.
Read Data Mover
The Read Data module sends memory read TLPs. It writes the completion data to an external Avalon-MM interface through the high throughput Read Master port. This data mover operates on descriptors the IP core receives from the DMA Descriptor Controller.
The Read DMA Avalon-MM Master interface performs the following functions:
1. Provides the Descriptor Table to the Descriptor Controller
The Read Data Mover sends PCIe® system memory read requests to fetch the descriptor table from PCIe® system memory. This module then writes the returned descriptor entries in to the Descriptor Controller FIFO using this Avalon-MM interface.
2. Writes Data to Memory Located in Avalon-MM Space
After a DMA Read finishes fetching data from the source address in PCIe® system memory, the Read Data Mover module writes the data to the destination address in Avalon-MM address space via this interface.
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
RdDmaWrite_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates that the Read DMA module is ready to write read completion data to a memory component in the Avalon-MM address space. |
|
RdDmaAddress_o[63:0] |
Output |
Specifies the write address in the Avalon-MM address space for the read completion data. |
|
RdDmaWriteData_o[127 or 255:0] |
Output |
The read completion data to be written to the Avalon-MM address space. |
|
RdDmaBurstCount_o[4:0] or [5:0] |
Output |
Specifies the burst count in 128- or 256-bit words. This bus is 5 bits for the 256-bit interface. It is 6 bits for the 128-bit interface. |
|
RdDmaByteEnable_o[15 or 31:0] |
Output |
Specifies which DWORDs are valid. |
|
RdDmaWaitRequest_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that the memory is not ready to receive data. |
Write DMA Avalon-MM Master Port
The Write Data Mover module fetches data from the Avalon-MM address space using this interface before issuing memory write requests to transfer data to PCIe® system memory.
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
WrDMARead_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates that the Write DMA module is reading data from a memory component in the Avalon-MM address space to write to the PCIe address space. |
|
WrDmaAddress_o[63:0] |
Output |
Specifies the address for the data to be read from a memory component in the Avalon-MM address space . |
|
WrDmaReadData_i[127 or 255:0] |
Input |
Specifies the completion data that the Write DMA module writes to the PCIe address space. |
|
WrDmaBurstCount_o[4:0]or[5:0] |
Output |
Specifies the burst count in 128- or 256-bit words. This bus is 5 bits for the 256-bit interface. It is 6 bits for the 128-bit interface |
|
WrDmaWaitRequest_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that the memory is not ready to be read. |
|
WrDmaReadDataValid_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that WrDmaReadData_i is valid. |
RX Master Module
The RX Master module translates read and write TLPs received from the PCIe link to Avalon-MM requests for Platform Designer components connected to the interconnect. This module allows other PCIe components, including host software, to access other Avalon-MM slaves connected in the Platform Designer system.
If burst mode is not enabled, the RX Master module only supports 32-bit read or write request. All other requests received from the PCIe link are considered a violation of this device’s programming model, and are therefore handled with the PCIe Completer Abort status. You can enable burst mode for BAR2 using 32-bit addressing or BAR2 and BAR3 using 64-bit addressing. When enabled, the module supports dword, burst read, or write requests. When the Descriptor Controller is internally instantiated, the RX Master for BAR0 is used internally and not available for other uses.
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| RxmRead_<n>_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates an Avalon-MM read request. |
| RxmWrite_<n>_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates an Avalon-MM write request. |
| RxmAddress_<n>_o[<w>-1:0] |
Output |
Specifies the Avalon-MM byte address. Because all addresses are byte addresses, the meaningful bits of this address are [<w>-1:2]. Bits 1 and 0 have a value of 0. <w> can be 32 or 64. |
| RxmBurstCount_<n>_o[5:0] |
Output |
Specifies the burst count in dwords (32 bits). This optional signal is available for BAR2 when you turn on Enable burst capabilities for RXM BAR2 ports. |
| RxmByteEnable_<n>_o[<w>-1:0] |
Output |
Specifies the valid bytes of data to be written. <w> has the following values:
|
| RxmDataWrite_<n>_o[<w>-1:0] |
Output |
Specifies the Avalon-MM write data. <w> has the following values:
|
| RxmReadData_<n>_i[<w>-1:0] |
Input |
Specifies the Avalon-MM read data. <w> has the following values:
|
| RxmReadDataValid_ <n> _i[31:0] |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that RxmReadData_i[31:0]is valid. |
| RxmWaitRequest_<n>_i |
Input |
When asserted indicates that the control register access Avalon-MM slave port is not ready to respond. |
Non-Bursing Slave Module
The slave module supports a single outstanding non-bursting request. It typically sends status updates to the host. This is a 32-bit Avalon-MM slave interface.
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
TxsChipSelect_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that this slave interface is selected. When txs_chipselect_i is deasserted, txs_read_i and txs_write_i signals are ignored. |
|
TxsRead_i |
Input |
When asserted, specifies a Avalon-MM Ignored when the chip select is deasserted. |
|
TxsWrite_i |
Input |
When asserted, specifies a Avalon-MM Ignored when the chip select is deasserted. |
|
TxsWriteData_i[31:0] |
Input |
Specifies the Avalon-MM data for a write command. |
|
TxsAddress_i[<w>-1:0] |
Input |
Specifies the Avalon-MM byte address for the read or write command. The width of this address bus is specified by the parameter Address width of accessible PCIe memory space. |
|
TxsByteEnable_i[3:0] |
Input |
Specifies the valid bytes for a write command. |
|
TxsReadData_o[31:0] |
Output |
Drives the read completion data. |
|
TxsReadDataValid_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates that read data is valid. |
|
TxsWaitRequest_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates that the Avalon-MM slave port is not ready to respond to a read or write request. The non-bursting Avalon-MM slave may assertTxsWaitRequest_o during idle cycles. An Avalon-MM master may initiate a transaction when TxsWaitRequest_o is asserted and wait for that signal to be deasserted. |
32-Bit Control Register Access (CRA) Slave Signals
The CRA interface provides access to the control and status registers of the Avalon-MM bridge. This interface has the following properties:
- 32-bit data bus
- Supports a single transaction at a time
- Supports single-cycle transactions (no bursting)
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
CraRead_i |
Input |
Read enable. |
|
CraWrite_i |
Input |
Write request. |
|
CraAddress_i[13:0] |
Input |
An address space of 16 KB is allocated for the control registers. Avalon® -MM slave addresses provide address resolution down to the width of the slave data bus. Because all addresses are byte addresses, this address logically goes down to bit 2. Bits 1 and 0 are 0. To read or write individual bytes of a DWORD, use byte enables. For example, to write bytes 0 and 1, set this signal to 4'b0011. An address space of 32 KB is allocated for the control registers. Avalon® -MM slave addresses provide address resolution down to the width of the slave data bus. Because all addresses are byte addresses, this address logically goes down to bit 2. Bits 1 and 0 are 0. To read or write individual bytes of a DWORD, use byte enables. For example, to write bytes 0 and 1, set this signal to 4'b0011. |
|
CraWriteData_i[31:0] |
Input |
Write data. The current version of the CRA slave interface is read-only. Including this signal as part of the Avalon-MM interface, makes future enhancements possible. |
|
CraReadData_o[31:0] |
Output |
Read data lines. |
|
CraByteEnable_i[3:0] |
Input |
Byte enable. |
|
CraWaitRequest_o |
Output |
Wait request to hold off additional requests. |
|
CraChipSelect_i |
Input |
Chip select signal to this slave. |
|
CraIrq_o |
Output |
Interrupt request. A port request for an Avalon-MM interrupt. |
Avalon-ST Descriptor Control Interface when Instantiated Separately
After fetching multiple descriptor entries from the Descriptor Table in the PCIe® system memory, the Descriptor Controller uses its Avalon® -ST Descriptor source interface to transfer 160-bit Descriptors to the Read or Write DMA Data Movers.
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
RdAstRxData_i[159:0] |
Input |
Specifies the descriptors for the Read DMA module. Refer to DMA Descriptor Format table below for bit definitions. |
|
RdAstRxValid_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that the data is valid. |
|
RdAstRxReady_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates that the Read DMA read module is ready to receive a new descriptor. The ready latency is 3 cycles. Consequently, interface can accept data 3 cycles after ready is asserted. |
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
WrAstRxData_i[159:0] |
Input |
Specifies the descriptors for the Write DMA module. Refer to DMA Descriptor Format table below for bit definitions. |
|
WrAstRxValid_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that the data is valid. |
|
WrAstRxReady_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates that the Write DMA module engine is ready to receive a new descriptor. The ready latency for this signal is 3 cycles. Consequently, interface can accept data 3 cycles after ready is asserted. |
Avalon-ST Descriptor Status Interface
When DMA module completes the processing for one Descriptor Instruction, it returns DMA Status to the Descriptor Controller via the following interfaces.
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
RdAstTxData_o[31:0] |
Output |
Drives status information to the Descriptor Controller component. Refer to DMA Status Bus table below for more information |
|
RdAstTxValid_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates that the data is valid. |
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
WrAstTxData_o[31:0] |
Output |
Drives status information to the Descriptor Controller component. Refer to DMA Status Bus table below for more information about this bus. |
|
WrAstTxValid_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates that the data is valid. |
|
Bits |
Name |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
[31:0] |
Source Low Address |
Low-order 32 bits of the DMA source address. The address boundary must align to the 32 bits so that the 2 least significant bits are 2'b00. For the Read DMA module, the source address is the PCIe domain address. For the Write DMA module, the source address is the Avalon-MM domain address. |
|
[63:32] |
Source High Address |
High-order 32 bits of the source address. |
|
[95:64] |
Destination Low Address |
Low-order 32 bits of the DMA destination address. The address boundary must align to the 32 bits so that the 2 least significant bits have the value of 2'b00. For the Read DMA module, the destination address is the Avalon-MM domain address. For the Write DMA module the destination address is the PCIe domain address. |
|
[127:96] |
Destination High Address |
High-order 32 bits of the destination address. |
|
[145:128] |
DMA Length |
Specifies DMA length in dwords. The length must be greater than 0. The maximum length is 1 MB - 4 bytes. |
|
[153:146] |
DMA Descriptor ID |
Specifies up to 128 descriptors. |
|
[158:154] |
Reserved |
— |
| [159] | Immediate Write | When set to 1'b1, the Write DMA Engine performs an Immediate Write. The Immediate Write provides a fast mechanism to send a Write TLP upstream. The descriptor stores the 32-bit payload, replacing the Source Low Address field of the descriptor. |
Avalon -ST Descriptor Status Sources
Read DMA and Write DMA modules report status to the Descriptor Controller on the RdDmaTxData_o[31:0] or WrDmaTxData_o[31:0] bus when a descriptor completes successfully.
The following table shows the mappings of the triggering events to the DMA descriptor status bus:
|
Bits |
Name |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
[31:9] |
Reserved |
— |
|
[8] |
Done |
When asserted, a single DMA descriptor has completed successfully. |
| [7:0] | Descriptor ID | The ID of the descriptor whose status is being reported. |
Descriptor Controller Interfaces when Instantiated Internally
The Descriptor Controller includes two, 128-entry FIFOs to store the read and write descriptor tables. The Descriptor Controller forwards the descriptors to the Read DMA and Write DMA Data Movers.
The Data Movers send completion status to the Read Descriptor Controller and Write Descriptor Controller. The Descriptor Controller forwards status and MSI to the host using the TX slave port.
Read Descriptor Controller Avalon-MM Master interface
The Read Descriptor Controller Avalon-MM master interface drives the non-bursting Avalon-MM slave interface. The Read Descriptor Controller uses this interface to write descriptor status to the PCIe domain and possibly to MSI when MSI messages are enabled. This Avalon-MM master interface is only available for variants with the internally instantiated Descriptor Controller.
By default MSI interrupts are enabled. You specify the Number of MSI messages requested on the MSI tab of the parameter editor. The MSI Capability Structure is defined in Section 6.8.1 MSI Capability Structure of the PCI Local Bus Specification.
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
RdDCMAddress_o[63:0] |
Output |
Specifies the descriptor status table or MSI address. |
|
RdDCMByteEnable_o[3:0] |
Output |
Specifies which data bytes are valid. |
|
RdDCMReadDataValid_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that the read data is valid. |
|
RdDCMReadData_i[31:0] |
Input |
Specifies the read data of the descriptor status table entry addressed. |
|
RdDCMRead_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates a read transaction. Currently, this is a write-only interface so that this signal never asserts. |
|
RdDCMWaitRequest_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that the connected Avalon-MM slave interface is busy and cannot accept a transaction. |
|
RdDCMWriteData_o[31:0] |
Output |
Specifies the descriptor status or MSI data.. |
|
RdDCMWrite_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates a write transaction. |
Write Descriptor Controller Avalon-MM Master Interface
The Avalon-MM Descriptor Controller Master interface is a 32-bit single-DWORD master with wait request support. The Write Descriptor Controller uses this interface to write status back to the PCI-Express domain and possibly MSI when MSI messages are enabled. This Avalon-MM master interface is only available for the internally instantiated Descriptor Controller.
By default MSI interrupts are enabled. You specify the Number of MSI messages requested on the MSI tab of the parameter editor. The MSI Capability Structure is defined in Section 6.8.1 MSI Capability Structure of the PCI Local Bus Specification.
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
WrDCMAddress_o[63:0] |
Output |
Specifies the descriptor status table or MSI address. |
|
WrDCMByteEnable_o[3:0] |
Output |
Specifies which data bytes are valid. |
|
WrDCMReadDataValid_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that the read data is valid. |
|
WrRdDCMReadData_i[31:0] |
Output |
Specifies the read data for the descriptor status table entry addressed. |
|
WrDCMRead_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates a read transaction. |
|
WrDCMWaitRequest_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that the Avalon-MM slave device is not ready to respond. |
|
WrDCMWriteData_o[31:0] |
Output |
Specifies the descriptor status table or MSI address. |
|
WrDCMWrite_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates a write transaction. |
Read Descriptor Table Avalon-MM Slave Interface
This interface is available when you select the internal Descriptor Controller. It receives the Read DMA descriptors which are fetched by the Read Data Mover. Connect the interface to the Read DMA Avalon-MM master interface.
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
RdDTSAddress_i[7:0] |
Input |
Specifies the descriptor table address. |
|
RdDTSBurstCount_i[4:0] or [5:0] |
Input |
Specifies the burst count of the transaction in words. |
|
RdDTSChipSelect_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that the read targets this slave interface. |
|
RdDTSWriteData_i[255:0] or [127:0] |
Input |
Specifies the descriptor. |
|
RdDTSWrite_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates a write transaction. |
|
RdDTSWaitRequest_o |
Output | When asserted, indicates that the Avalon-MM slave device is not ready to respond. |
Write Descriptor Table Avalon-MM Slave Interface
This interface is available when you select the internal Descriptor Controller. This interface receives the Write DMA descriptors which are fetched by Read Data Mover. Connect the interface to the Read DMA Avalon-MM master interface.
|
Signal Name |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
WrDTSAddress_i[7:0] |
Input |
Specifies the descriptor table address. |
|
WrDTSBurstCount_i[4:0] |
Input |
Specifies the burst count of the transaction in words. |
|
WrDTSChipSelect_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates that the write is for this slave interface. |
|
WrDTSWaitRequest_o |
Output |
When asserted, indicates that this interface is busy and is not ready to respond. |
|
WrDTSWriteData_i[255:0] or [127:0] |
Input |
Drives the descriptor table entry data. |
|
WrDTSWrite_i |
Input |
When asserted, indicates a write transaction. |
Clock Signals
|
Signal |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| refclk |
Input |
Reference clock for the IP core. It must have the frequency specified under the System Settings heading in the parameter editor. This is a dedicated free running input clock to the dedicated REFCLK pin. |
| coreclkout_hip |
Output |
This is a fixed frequency clock used by the Data Link and Transaction Layers. |
Reset, Status, and Link Training Signals
Refer to Reset and Clocks for more information about the reset sequence and a block diagram of the reset logic.
|
Signal |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| npor |
Input |
Active low reset signal. In the Intel hardware example designs, npor is the OR of pin_perst and local_rstn coming from the software Application Layer. If you do not drive a soft reset signal from the Application Layer, this signal must be derived from pin_perst. You cannot disable this signal. Resets the entire IP Core and transceiver. Asynchronous. This signal is edge, not level sensitive; consequently, you cannot use a low value on this signal to hold custom logic in reset. For more information about the reset controller, refer to Reset and Clocks. |
| nreset_status |
Output |
Active low reset signal. It is derived from npor or pin_perstn. You can use this signal to reset the Application Layer. |
| pin_perst |
Input |
Active low reset from the PCIe reset pin of the device. pin_perst resets the datapath and control registers. Configuration via Protocol (CvP) requires this signal. For more information about CvP refer to Intel® Arria® 10 CvP Initialization and over PCI Express User Guide. Intel® Arria® 10 devices can have up to 4 instances of the Hard IP for PCI Express IP Core. Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX devices can have a single instances of the Hard IP for PCI Express IP Core. Each instance has its own pin_perst signal. You must connect the pin_perst of each Hard IP instance to the corresponding nPERST pin of the device. These pins have the following locations:
For example, if you are using the Hard IP instance in the bottom left corner of the device, you must connect pin_perst to NPERSL0. For maximum use of the Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX device, Intel recommends that you use the bottom left Hard IP first. This is the only location that supports CvP over a PCIe link. If your design does not require CvP, you may select other Hard IP blocks. Refer to the Arria 10 GX, GT, and SX Device Family Pin Connection Guidelines or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Device Family Pin Connection Guidelines for more detailed information about these pins. |
The following figure illustrates the timing relationship between npor and the LTSSM L0 state.
|
Signal |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| cfg_par_err |
Output |
Indicates that a parity error in a TLP routed to the internal Configuration Space. This error is also logged in the Vendor Specific Extended Capability internal error register. You must reset the Hard IP if this error occurs. |
|
derr_cor_ext_rcv |
Output |
Indicates a corrected error in the RX buffer. This signal is for debug only. It is not valid until the RX buffer is filled with data. This is a pulse, not a level, signal. Internally, the pulse is generated with the 500 MHz clock. A pulse extender extends the signal so that the FPGA fabric running at 250 MHz can capture it. Because the error was corrected by the IP core, no Application Layer intervention is required. 7 |
|
derr_cor_ext_rpl |
Output |
Indicates a corrected ECC error in the retry buffer. This signal is for debug only. Because the error was corrected by the IP core, no Application Layer intervention is required. 7 |
|
derr_rpl |
Output |
Indicates an uncorrectable error in the retry buffer. This signal is for debug only. 7 |
| dlup |
Output |
When asserted, indicates that the Hard IP block is in the Data Link Control and Management State Machine (DLCMSM) DL_Up state. |
| dlup_exit |
Output |
This signal is asserted low for one pld_clk cycle when the IP core exits the DLCMSM DL_Up state, indicating that the Data Link Layer has lost communication with the other end of the PCIe link and left the Up state. When this pulse is asserted, the Application Layer should generate an internal reset signal that is asserted for at least 32 cycles. |
| ev128ns |
Output |
Asserted every 128 ns to create a time base aligned activity. |
| ev1us |
Output |
Asserted every 1µs to create a time base aligned activity. |
| hotrst_exit |
Output |
Hot reset exit. This signal is asserted for 1 clock cycle when the LTSSM exits the hot reset state. This signal should cause the Application Layer to be reset. This signal is active low. When this pulse is asserted, the Application Layer should generate an internal reset signal that is asserted for at least 32 cycles. |
| int_status[3:0] |
Output |
These signals drive legacy interrupts to the Application Layer as follows:
|
| ko_cpl_spc_data[11:0] |
Output |
The Application Layer can use this signal to build circuitry to prevent RX buffer overflow for completion data. Endpoints must advertise infinite space for completion data; however, RX buffer space is finite. ko_cpl_spc_data is a static signal that reflects the total number of 16 byte completion data units that can be stored in the completion RX buffer. |
| ko_cpl_spc_header[7:0] |
Output |
The Application Layer can use this signal to build circuitry to prevent RX buffer overflow for completion headers. Endpoints must advertise infinite space for completion headers; however, RX buffer space is finite. ko_cpl_spc_header is a static signal that indicates the total number of completion headers that can be stored in the RX buffer. |
| l2_exit |
Output |
L2 exit. This signal is active low and otherwise remains high. It is asserted for one cycle (changing value from 1 to 0 and back to 1) after the LTSSM transitions from l2.idle to detect. When this pulse is asserted, the Application Layer should generate an internal reset signal that is asserted for at least 32 cycles. |
|
lane_act[3:0] |
Output |
Lane Active Mode: This signal indicates the number of lanes that configured during link training. The following encodings are defined:
|
| ltssmstate[4:0] |
Output |
LTSSM state: The LTSSM state machine encoding defines the following states:
|
| rx_par_err |
Output |
When asserted for a single cycle, indicates that a parity error was detected in a TLP at the input of the RX buffer. This error is logged as an uncorrectable internal error in the VSEC registers. For more information, refer to Uncorrectable Internal Error Status Register. You must reset the Hard IP if this error occurs because parity errors can leave the Hard IP in an unknown state. |
| tx_par_err[1:0] |
Output |
When asserted for a single cycle, indicates a parity error during TX TLP transmission. These errors are logged in the VSEC register. The following encodings are defined:
Note that not all simulation models assert the Transaction Layer error bit in conjunction with the Data Link Layer error bit. |
MSI Interrupts for Endpoints
The MSI interrupt notifies the host when a DMA operation has completed. After the host receives this interrupt, it can poll the DMA read or write status table to determine which entry or entries have the done bit set. This mechanism allows host software to avoid continuous polling of the status table done bits. Use this interface to receive information required to generate MSI or MSI-X interrupts to the Root Port via the TX Slave interface.
|
Signal |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
MSIIntfc_o[81:0] |
Output |
This bus provides the following MSI address, data, and enabled signals:
|
|
MSIXIntfc_o[15:0] |
Output |
Provides for system software control of MSI-X as defined in Section 6.8.2.3 Message Control for MSI-X in the PCI Local Bus Specification, Rev. 3.0. The following fields are defined:
|
| MSIControl_o[15:0] |
Output |
Provides system software control of the MSI messages as defined in Section 6.8.1.3 Message Control for MSI in the PCI Local Bus Specification, Rev. 3.0. The following fields are defined:
|
| intx_req_i |
Input |
Legacy interrupt request. |
| intx_ack_o |
Output |
Legacy interrupt acknowledge. |
Hard IP Reconfiguration Interface
The Hard IP reconfiguration interface is an Avalon-MM slave interface with a 10‑bit address and 16‑bit data bus. You can use this bus to dynamically modify the value of configuration registers that are read-only at run time. To ensure proper system operation, reset or repeat device enumeration of the PCI Express link after changing the value of read‑only configuration registers of the Hard IP.
|
Signal |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| hip_reconfig_clk |
Input |
Reconfiguration clock. The frequency range for this clock is 100–125 MHz. |
| hip_reconfig_rst_n |
Input |
Active-low Avalon-MM reset. Resets all of the dynamic reconfiguration registers to their default values as described in Hard IP Reconfiguration Registers. |
| hip_reconfig_address[9:0] |
Input |
The 10‑bit reconfiguration address. |
| hip_reconfig_read |
Input |
Read signal. This interface is not pipelined. You must wait for the return of the hip_reconfig_readdata[15:0] from the current read before starting another read operation. |
| hip_reconfig_readdata[15:0] |
Output |
16‑bit read data. hip_reconfig_readdata[15:0] is valid on the third cycle after the assertion of hip_reconfig_read. |
| hip_reconfig_write |
Input |
Write signal. |
| hip_reconfig_writedata[15:0] |
Input |
16‑bit write model. |
| hip_reconfig_byte_en[1:0] |
Input |
Byte enables, currently unused. |
| ser_shift_load |
Input |
You must toggle this signal once after changing to user mode before the first access to read‑only registers. This signal should remain asserted for a minimum of 324 ns after switching to user mode. |
| interface_sel |
Input |
A selector which must be asserted when performing dynamic reconfiguration. Drive this signal low 4 clock cycles after the release of ser_shif t_load. |
For a detailed description of the Avalon-MM protocol, refer to the Avalon Memory Mapped Interfaces chapter in the Avalon Interface Specifications.
Physical Layer Interface Signals
Intel provides an integrated solution with the Transaction, Data Link and Physical Layers. The IP Parameter Editor generates a SERDES variation file, <variation>_serdes.v or .vhd , in addition to the Hard IP variation file, <variation>.v or .vhd. The SERDES entity is included in the library files for PCI Express.
Serial Data Signals
The Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX PCIe IP Core supports 1, 2, or 4 lanes. Each lane includes a TX and RX differential pair. Data is striped across all available lanes.
The Intel® Arria® 10 PCIe IP Core supports 1, 2, 4 or 8 lanes. Each lane includes a TX and RX differential pair. Data is striped across all available lanes.
|
Signal |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
tx_out[<n>-1:0] |
Output |
Transmit output. These signals are the serial outputs of lanes <n>-1–0. |
|
rx_in[<n>-1:0] |
Input |
Receive input. These signals are the serial inputs of lanes <n>-1–0. |
Refer to Pin-out Files for Intel Devices for pin-out tables for all Intel devices in .pdf, .txt, and .xls formats.
Transceiver channels are arranged in groups of six. For GX devices, the lowest six channels on the left side of the device are labeled GXB_L0, the next group is GXB_L1, and so on. Channels on the right side of the device are labeled GXB_R0, GXB_R1, and so on. Be sure to connect the Hard IP for PCI Express on the left side of the device to appropriate channels on the left side of the device, as specified in the Pin-out Files for Intel Devices.
PIPE Interface Signals
These PIPE signals are available for Gen1, Gen2, and Gen3 variants so that you can simulate using either the serial or the PIPE interface. Note that Intel® Arria® 10 and Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX devices do not support the Gen3 PIPE interface. Simulation is faster using the PIPE interface because the PIPE simulation bypasses the serdes model. By default, the PIPE interface is 8 bits for Gen1 and Gen2 and 32 bits for Gen3. You can use the PIPE interface for simulation even though your actual design includes a serial interface to the internal transceivers. However, it is not possible to use the Hard IP PIPE interface in hardware, including probing these signals using Signal Tap Embedded Logic Analyzer. These signals are not top-level signals of the Hard IP. They are listed here to assist in debugging link training issues.
|
Signal |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| currentcoeff0[17:0] |
Output |
For Gen3, indicates the coefficients to be used by the transmitter. The 18 bits specify the following coefficients:
|
| currentrxpreset0[2:0] |
Output |
For Gen3 designs, specifies the current preset. |
| eidleinfersel0[2:0] |
Output |
Electrical idle entry inference mechanism selection. The following encodings are defined:
|
|
phystatus0 |
Input |
PHY status <n>. This signal communicates completion of several PHY requests. |
|
powerdown0[1:0] |
Output |
Power down <n>. This signal requests the PHY to change its power state to the specified state (P0, P0s, P1, or P2). |
| rate[1:0] |
Output |
Controls the link signaling rate. The
following encodings are defined:
|
| rxblkst0 |
Input |
For Gen3 operation, indicates the start of a block in the receive direction. |
|
rxdata0[31:0] |
Input |
Receive data. This bus receives data on lane <n>. |
| rxdatak0[3:0] |
Input |
Data/Control bits for the symbols of receive data. Bit 0 corresponds to the lowest-order byte of rxdata, and so on. A value of 0 indicates a data byte. A value of 1 indicates a control byte. For Gen1 and Gen2 only. |
|
rxelecidle0 |
Input |
Receive electrical idle <n>. When asserted, indicates detection of an electrical idle. |
|
rxpolarity0 |
Output |
Receive polarity <n>. This signal instructs the PHY layer to invert the polarity of the 8B/10B receiver decoding block. |
|
rxstatus0[2:0] |
Input |
Receive status <n>. This signal encodes receive status and error codes for the receive data stream and receiver detection. |
|
rxvalid0 |
Input |
Receive valid <n>. This symbol indicates symbol lock and valid data on rxdata <n> and rxdatak <n>. |
| sim_pipe_ltssmstate0[4:0] |
Input and Output |
LTSSM state: The LTSSM state machine encoding defines the following states:
|
| sim_pipe_pclk_in |
Input |
This clock is used for PIPE simulation only, and is derived from the refclk. It is the PIPE interface clock used for PIPE mode simulation. |
| sim_pipe_rate[1:0] |
Input |
Specifies the data rate. The 2-bit encodings have the following meanings:
|
|
txblkst |
For Gen3 operation, indicates the start of a block in the transmit direction. | |
|
txcompl0 |
Output |
Transmit compliance <n>. This signal forces the running disparity to negative in compliance mode (negative COM character). |
| txdata0[31:0] |
Output |
Transmit data. This bus transmits data on lane <n>. |
| txdatak0[3:0] |
Output |
Transmit data control <n>. This signal serves as the control bit for txdata <n>. Bit 0 corresponds to the lowest-order byte of rxdata, and so on. A value of 0 indicates a data byte. A value of 1 indicates a control byte. For Gen1 and Gen2 only. |
| txdataskip0 |
Output |
For Gen3 operation. Allows the MAC to instruct the TX interface to ignore the TX data interface for one clock cycle. The following encodings are defined:
|
| txdeemph0 |
Output |
Transmit de-emphasis selection. The value for this signal is set based on the indication received from the other end of the link during the Training Sequences (TS). You do not need to change this value. |
|
txdetectrx0 |
Output |
Transmit detect receive <n>. This signal tells the PHY layer to start a receive detection operation or to begin loopback. |
|
txelecidle0 |
Output |
Transmit electrical idle <n>. This signal forces the TX output to electrical idle. |
|
txmargin0[2:0] |
Output |
Transmit VOD margin selection. The value for this signal is based on the value from the Link Control 2 Register. Available for simulation only. |
| txswing0 |
Output |
When asserted, indicates full swing for the transmitter voltage. When deasserted indicates half swing. |
| txsynchd0 [1:0] |
Output |
For Gen3 operation, specifies the block type. The following encodings are defined:
|
Test Signals
|
Signal |
Direction |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| test_in[31:0] |
Input |
The bits of the test_in bus have the following definitions. Set this bus to 0x00000188.
|
| currentspeed[1:0] |
Output |
Indicates the current speed of the PCIe link. The following encodings are defined:
|
Intel Arria 10 Development Kit Conduit Interface
| Signal Name | Direction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| devkit_status[255:0] | Output | The devkit_status[255:0] bus comprises
the following status signals :
|
| devkit_ctrl[255:0] | Input | The devkit_ctrl[255:0] bus comprises the following
status signals. You can optionally connect these pins to an
on-board switch for PCI-SIG compliance testing, such as bypass
compliance testing.
|
Registers
Correspondence between Configuration Space Registers and the PCIe Specification
|
Byte Address |
Hard IP Configuration Space Register |
Corresponding Section in PCIe Specification |
|---|---|---|
|
0x000:0x03C |
PCI Header Type 0 Configuration Registers |
Type 0 Configuration Space Header |
|
0x000:0x03C |
PCI Header Type 1 Configuration Registers |
Type 1 Configuration Space Header The Type 1 Configuration Space is not available for the Avalon-MM with DMA interface |
|
0x040:0x04C |
Reserved |
N/A |
|
0x050:0x05C |
MSI Capability Structure |
MSI Capability Structure |
|
0x068:0x070 |
MSI-X Capability Structure |
MSI-X Capability Structure |
|
0x070:0x074 |
Reserved |
N/A |
|
0x078:0x07C |
Power Management Capability Structure |
PCI Power Management Capability Structure |
|
0x080:0x0BC |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x0C0:0x0FC |
Reserved |
N/A |
|
0x100:0x16C |
Virtual Channel Capability Structure |
Virtual Channel Capability |
|
0x170:0x17C |
Reserved |
N/A |
|
0x180:0x1FC |
Virtual channel arbitration table |
VC Arbitration Table |
|
0x200:0x23C |
Port VC0 arbitration table |
Port Arbitration Table |
|
0x240:0x27C |
Port VC1 arbitration table |
Port Arbitration Table |
|
0x280:0x2BC |
Port VC2 arbitration table |
Port Arbitration Table |
|
0x2C0:0x2FC |
Port VC3 arbitration table |
Port Arbitration Table |
|
0x300:0x33C |
Port VC4 arbitration table |
Port Arbitration Table |
|
0x340:0x37C |
Port VC5 arbitration table |
Port Arbitration Table |
|
0x380:0x3BC |
Port VC6 arbitration table |
Port Arbitration Table |
|
0x3C0:0x3FC |
Port VC7 arbitration table |
Port Arbitration Table |
|
0x400:0x7FC |
Reserved |
PCIe spec corresponding section name |
|
0x800:0x834 |
Advanced Error Reporting AER (optional) |
Advanced Error Reporting Capability |
|
0x838:0xFFF |
Reserved |
N/A |
| Overview of Configuration Space Register Fields | ||
|
0x000 |
Device ID, Vendor ID |
Type 0 Configuration Space Header Type 1 Configuration Space Header The Type 1 Configuration Space is not available for the Avalon-MM with DMA interface |
|
0x004 |
Status, Command |
Type 0 Configuration Space Header Type 1 Configuration Space Header The Type 1 Configuration Space is not available for the Avalon-MM with DMA interface |
|
0x008 |
Class Code, Revision ID |
Type 0 Configuration Space Header Type 1 Configuration Space Header The Type 1 Configuration Space is not available for the Avalon-MM with DMA interface |
|
0x00C |
BIST, Header Type, Primary Latency Timer, Cache Line Size |
Type 0 Configuration Space Header Type 1 Configuration Space Header The Type 1 Configuration Space is not available for the Avalon-MM with DMA interface |
|
0x010 |
Base Address 0 |
Base Address Registers |
|
0x014 |
Base Address 1 |
Base Address Registers |
|
0x018 |
Base Address 2 Secondary Latency Timer, Subordinate Bus Number, Secondary Bus Number, Primary Bus Number |
Base Address Registers Secondary Latency Timer, Type 1 Configuration Space Header, Primary Bus Number |
|
0x01C |
Base Address 3 Secondary Status, I/O Limit, I/O Base |
Base Address Registers Secondary Status Register ,Type 1 Configuration Space Header |
|
0x020 |
Base Address 4 Memory Limit, Memory Base |
Base Address Registers Type 1 Configuration Space Header |
|
0x024 |
Base Address 5 Prefetchable Memory Limit, Prefetchable Memory Base |
Base Address Registers Prefetchable Memory Limit, Prefetchable Memory Base |
|
0x028 |
Reserved Prefetchable Base Upper 32 Bits |
N/A Type 1 Configuration Space Header |
|
0x02C |
Subsystem ID, Subsystem Vendor ID Prefetchable Limit Upper 32 Bits |
Type 0 Configuration Space Header Type 1 Configuration Space Header |
|
0x030 |
I/O Limit Upper 16 Bits, I/O Base Upper 16 Bits |
Type 0 Configuration Space Header Type 1 Configuration Space Header |
|
0x034 |
Reserved, Capabilities PTR |
Type 0 Configuration Space Header Type 1 Configuration Space Header |
|
0x038 |
Reserved |
N/A |
|
0x03C |
Interrupt Pin, Interrupt Line Bridge Control, Interrupt Pin, Interrupt Line |
Type 0 Configuration Space Header Type 1 Configuration Space Header |
|
0x050 |
MSI-Message Control Next Cap Ptr Capability ID |
MSI and MSI-X Capability Structures |
|
0x054 |
Message Address |
MSI and MSI-X Capability Structures |
|
0x058 |
Message Upper Address |
MSI and MSI-X Capability Structures |
|
0x05C |
Reserved Message Data |
MSI and MSI-X Capability Structures |
|
0x068 |
MSI-X Message Control Next Cap Ptr Capability ID |
MSI and MSI-X Capability Structures |
|
0x06C |
MSI-X Table Offset BIR |
MSI and MSI-X Capability Structures |
|
0x070 |
Pending Bit Array (PBA) Offset BIR |
MSI and MSI-X Capability Structures |
|
0x078 |
Capabilities Register Next Cap PTR Cap ID |
PCI Power Management Capability Structure |
|
0x07C |
Data PM Control/Status Bridge Extensions Power Management Status & Control |
PCI Power Management Capability Structure |
|
0x080 |
PCI Express Capabilities Register Next Cap Ptr PCI Express Cap ID |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x084 |
Device Capabilities Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x088 |
Device Status Register Device Control Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x08C |
Link Capabilities Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x090 |
Link Status Register Link Control Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x094 |
Slot Capabilities Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x098 |
Slot Status Register Slot Control Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x09C |
Root Capabilities Register Root Control Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x0A0 |
Root Status Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x0A4 |
Device Capabilities 2 Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x0A8 |
Device Status 2 Register Device Control 2 Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x0AC |
Link Capabilities 2 Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x0B0 |
Link Status 2 Register Link Control 2 Register |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x0B4:0x0BC |
Reserved |
PCI Express Capability Structure |
|
0x800 |
Advanced Error Reporting Enhanced Capability Header |
Advanced Error Reporting Enhanced Capability Header |
|
0x804 |
Uncorrectable Error Status Register |
Uncorrectable Error Status Register |
|
0x808 |
Uncorrectable Error Mask Register |
Uncorrectable Error Mask Register |
|
0x80C |
Uncorrectable Error Severity Register |
Uncorrectable Error Severity Register |
|
0x810 |
Correctable Error Status Register |
Correctable Error Status Register |
|
0x814 |
Correctable Error Mask Register |
Correctable Error Mask Register |
|
0x818 |
Advanced Error Capabilities and Control Register |
Advanced Error Capabilities and Control Register |
|
0x81C |
Header Log Register |
Header Log Register |
|
0x82C |
Root Error Command |
Root Error Command Register |
|
0x830 |
Root Error Status |
Root Error Status Register |
|
0x834 |
Error Source Identification Register Correctable Error Source ID Register |
Error Source Identification Register |
Type 0 Configuration Space Registers
Type 1 Configuration Space Registers
PCI Express Capability Structures
Intel-Defined VSEC Registers
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[15:0] |
PCI Express Extended Capability ID. Intel-defined value for VSEC Capability ID. |
0x000B |
RO |
|
[19:16] |
Version. Intel-defined value for VSEC version. |
0x1 |
RO |
|
[31:20] |
Next Capability Offset. Starting address of the next Capability Structure implemented, if any. |
Variable |
RO |
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[15:0] |
VSEC ID. A user configurable VSEC ID. |
User entered |
RO |
|
[19:16] |
VSEC Revision. A user configurable VSEC revision. |
Variable |
RO |
|
[31:20] |
VSEC Length. Total length of this structure in bytes. |
0x044 |
RO |
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[31:0] |
Intel Marker. This read only register is an additional marker. If you use the standard Intel Programmer software to configure the device with CvP, this marker provides a value that the programming software reads to ensure that it is operating with the correct VSEC. |
A Device Value |
RO |
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[127:96] |
JTAG Silicon ID DW3 |
Application Specific |
RO |
|
[95:64] |
JTAG Silicon ID DW2 |
Application Specific |
RO |
|
[63:32] |
JTAG Silicon ID DW1 |
Application Specific |
RO |
|
[31:0] |
JTAG Silicon ID DW0. This is the JTAG Silicon ID that CvP programming software reads to determine that the correct SRAM object file (.sof) is being used. |
Application Specific |
RO |
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[15:0] |
Configurable device or board type ID to specify to CvP the correct .sof. |
Variable |
RO |
CvP Registers
| Bits | Register Description | Reset Value | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| [31:26] | Reserved | 0x00 | RO |
| [25] | PLD_CORE_READY. From FPGA fabric. This status bit is provided for debug. | Variable | RO |
| [24] | PLD_CLK_IN_USE. From clock switch module to fabric. This status bit is provided for debug. | Variable | RO |
| [23] | CVP_CONFIG_DONE. Indicates that the FPGA control block has completed the device configuration via CvP and there were no errors. | Variable | RO |
| [22] | Reserved | Variable | RO |
| [21] | USERMODE. Indicates if the configurable FPGA fabric is in user mode. | Variable | RO |
| [20] | CVP_EN. Indicates if the FPGA control block has enabled CvP mode. | Variable | RO |
| [19] | CVP_CONFIG_ERROR. Reflects the value of this signal from the FPGA control block, checked by software to determine if there was an error during configuration. | Variable | RO |
| [18] | CVP_CONFIG_READY. Reflects the value of this signal from the FPGA control block, checked by software during programming algorithm. | Variable | RO |
| [17:0] | Reserved | Variable | RO |
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Reset Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[31:16] |
Reserved. |
0x0000 |
RO |
|
[15:8] |
CVP_NUMCLKS. This is the number of clocks to send for every CvP data write. Set this field to one of the values below depending on your configuration image:
|
0x00 |
RW |
|
[7:3] |
Reserved. |
0x0 |
RO |
|
[2] |
CVP_FULLCONFIG. Request that the FPGA control block reconfigure the entire FPGA including the Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Hard IP for PCI Express, bring the PCIe link down. |
1’b0 |
RW |
|
[1] |
HIP_CLK_SEL. Selects between PMA and fabric clock when USER_MODE = 1 and PLD_CORE_READY = 1. The following encodings are defined:
To ensure that there is no clock switching during CvP, you should only change this value when the Hard IP for PCI Express has been idle for 10 µs and wait 10 µs after changing this value before resuming activity. |
1’b0 |
RW |
|
[0] |
CVP_MODE. Controls whether the IP core is in CVP_MODE or normal mode. The following encodings are defined:
|
1’b0 |
RW |
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Reset Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[31:0] |
Upper 32 bits of configuration data to be transferred to the FPGA control block to configure the device. You can choose 32- or 64-bit data. |
0x00000000 |
RW |
|
[31:0] |
Lower 32 bits of configuration data to be transferred to the FPGA control block to configure the device. |
0x00000000 |
RW |
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Reset Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[31:2] |
Reserved. |
0x0000 |
RO |
|
[1] |
START_XFER. Sets the CvP output to the FPGA control block indicating the start of a transfer. |
1’b0 |
RW |
|
[0] |
CVP_CONFIG. When asserted, instructs that the FPGA control block begin a transfer via CvP. |
1’b0 |
RW |
Advanced Error Reporting Capability
Uncorrectable Internal Error Mask Register
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Reset Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[31:12] |
Reserved. |
1b’0 |
RO |
|
[11] |
Mask for RX buffer posted and completion overflow error. |
1b’0 |
RWS |
|
[10] |
Reserved |
1b’1 |
RO |
|
[9] |
Mask for parity error detected on Configuration Space to TX bus interface. |
1b’1 |
RWS |
|
[8] |
Mask for parity error detected on the TX to Configuration Space bus interface. |
1b’1 |
RWS |
|
[7] |
Mask for parity error detected at TX Transaction Layer error. |
1b’1 |
RWS |
|
[6] |
Reserved |
1b’1 |
RO |
|
[5] |
Mask for configuration errors detected in CvP mode. |
1b’0 |
RWS |
|
[4] |
Mask for data parity errors detected during TX Data Link LCRC generation. |
1b’1 |
RWS |
|
[3] |
Mask for data parity errors detected on the RX to Configuration Space Bus interface. |
1b’1 |
RWS |
|
[2] |
Mask for data parity error detected at the input to the RX Buffer. |
1b’1 |
RWS |
|
[1] |
Mask for the retry buffer uncorrectable ECC error. |
1b’1 |
RWS |
|
[0] |
Mask for the RX buffer uncorrectable ECC error. |
1b’1 |
RWS |
Uncorrectable Internal Error Status Register
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Reset Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[31:12] |
Reserved. |
0 |
RO |
|
[11] |
When set, indicates an RX buffer overflow condition in a posted request or Completion |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[10] |
Reserved. |
0 |
RO |
|
[9] |
When set, indicates a parity error was detected on the Configuration Space to TX bus interface |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[8] |
When set, indicates a parity error was detected on the TX to Configuration Space bus interface |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[7] |
When set, indicates a parity error was detected in a TX TLP and the TLP is not sent. |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[6] |
When set, indicates that the Application Layer has detected an uncorrectable internal error. |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[5] |
When set, indicates a configuration error has been detected in CvP mode which is reported as uncorrectable. This bit is set whenever a CVP_CONFIG_ERROR rises while in CVP_MODE. |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[4] |
When set, indicates a parity error was detected by the TX Data Link Layer. |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[3] |
When set, indicates a parity error has been detected on the RX to Configuration Space bus interface. |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[2] |
When set, indicates a parity error was detected at input to the RX Buffer. |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[1] |
When set, indicates a retry buffer uncorrectable ECC error. |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[0] |
When set, indicates a RX buffer uncorrectable ECC error. |
0 |
RW1CS |
Correctable Internal Error Mask Register
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Reset Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[31:8] |
Reserved. |
0 |
RO |
| [7] | Reserved. | 1 | RO |
|
[6] |
Mask for Corrected Internal Error reported by the Application Layer. |
1 |
RWS |
|
[5] |
Mask for configuration error detected in CvP mode. |
1 |
RWS |
|
[4:2] |
Reserved. |
0 |
RO |
|
[1] |
Mask for retry buffer correctable ECC error. |
1 |
RWS |
|
[0] |
Mask for RX Buffer correctable ECC error. |
1 |
RWS |
Correctable Internal Error Status Register
|
Bits |
Register Description |
Reset Value |
Access |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[31:7] |
Reserved. |
0 |
RO |
| [6] | Corrected Internal Error reported by the Application Layer. | 0 | RW1CS |
|
[5] |
When set, indicates a configuration error has been detected in CvP mode which is reported as correctable. This bit is set whenever a CVP_CONFIG_ERROR occurs while in CVP_MODE. |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[4:2] |
Reserved. |
0 |
RO |
|
[1] |
When set, the retry buffer correctable ECC error status indicates an error. |
0 |
RW1CS |
|
[0] |
When set, the RX buffer correctable ECC error status indicates an error. |
0 |
RW1CS |
DMA Descriptor Controller Registers
The DMA Descriptor Controller manages Read and Write DMA operations. The DMA Descriptor Controller is available for use with Endpoint variations. The Descriptor Controller supports up to 128 descriptors each for Read and Write Data Movers. Read and Write are from the perspective of the FPGA. A read is from PCIe® address space to the FPGA Avalon® -MM address space. A write is to PCIe® address space from the FPGA Avalon® -MM space.
You program the Descriptor Controller internal registers with the location and size of the descriptor table residing in the PCIe® address space. The DMA Descriptor Controller instructs the Read Data Mover to copy the table to its own internal FIFO. When the DMA Descriptor Controller is instantiated as a separate component, it drives table entries on the RdDmaRxData_i[159:0] and WrDmaRxData_i[159:0] buses. When the DMA Descriptor Controller is embedded inside the Avalon-MM DMA bridge, it drives this information on internal buses. .
The Read Data Mover transfers data from the PCIe address space to Avalon-MM address space. It issues memory read TLPs on the PCIe link. It writes the data returned to a location in the Avalon® -MM address space. The source address is the address for the data in the PCIe address space. The destination address is in the Avalon-MM address space.
The Write Data Mover reads data from the Avalon-MM address space and writes to the PCIe address space. It issues memory write TLPs on the PCIe link. The source address is in the Avalon-MM address space. The destination address is in the PCIe address space.
The DMA Descriptor Controller records the completion status for read and write descriptors in separate status tables. Each table has 128 consecutive DWORD entries that correspond to the 128 descriptors. The actual descriptors are stored immediately after the status entries at offset 0x200 from the values programmed into the RC Read Descriptor Base and RC Write Descriptor Base registers. The status and descriptor table must be located on a 32-byte boundary in Root Complex memory.
The Descriptor Controller writes a 1 to the done bit of the status DWORD to indicate successful completion. The Descriptor Controller also sends an MSI interrupt for the final descriptor. After receiving this MSI, host software can poll the done bit to determine status. The status table precedes the descriptor table in memory. The Descriptor Controller does not write the done bit nor send an MSI as each descriptor completes. It only writes the done bit or sends an MSI for the descriptor whose ID is stored in the RD_DMA_LAST PTR or WR_DMA_LAST_PTR registers. The Descriptor Controller supports out-of-order completions. Consequently, it is possible for the done bit to be set before all descriptors have completed.
- Program the RD_DMA_LAST_PTR = 63.
- Program the RD_DMA_LAST_PTR = 127.
- Poll the status DWORD for read descriptor 63.
- Poll the status DWORD for read descriptor 127.
Many commercial system Root Ports return out-of-order Read Completions based on optimized accesses to host memory channels. Consequently, the done status stored for descriptor <n> does not necessarily mean that descriptors <n-1> and <n -2> have also completed. You must request the completion status for every descriptor by writing the descriptor ID for every descriptor to RD_DMA_LAST_PTR or WR_DMA_LAST_PTR.
Read DMA Descriptor Controller Registers
|
Address Offset |
Register |
Access |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
0x0000 |
RC Read Status and Descriptor Base (Low) |
R/W |
Specifies the lower 32-bits of the base address of the read status and descriptor table in the Root Complex memory. This address must be on a 32-byte boundary. Software must program this register after programming the upper 32 bits at offset 0x4. To change the RC Read Status and Descriptor Base (Low)base address, all descriptors specified by the RD_TABLE_SIZE must be exhausted. |
|
0x0004 |
RC Read Status and Descriptor Base (High) |
R/W |
Specifies the upper 32-bits of the base address of the read status and descriptor table in the Root Complex memory. Software must program this register before programming the lower 32 bits of this register. |
|
0x0008 |
EP Read Descriptor FIFO Base (Low) |
RW |
Specifies the lower 32 bits of the base address of the read descriptor FIFO in Endpoint memory. The Read DMA fetches the descriptors from Root Complex memory. The address must be the Avalon-MM address of the Descriptor Controller's Read Descriptor Table Avalon-MM Slave Port as seen by the Read DMA Avalon-MM Master Port. You must program this register after programming the upper 32 bits at offset 0xC. |
|
0x000C |
EP Read Descriptor FIFO Base (High) |
RW |
Specifies the upper 32 bits of the base address of the read descriptor table in Endpoint Avalon-MM memory. The Read DMA fetches the descriptors from Root Complex memory and writes the descriptors to the FIFO at this location. This must be the Avalon-MM address of the descriptor controller's Read Descriptor Table Avalon-MM Slave Port as seen by the Read DMA Avalon-MM Master Port. You must program this register before programming the lower 32 bits of this register. |
|
0x0010 |
RD_DMA_LAST_PTR |
RW |
When read, returns the ID of the last descriptor requested. If no DMA request is outstanding or the DMA is in reset, returns a value 0xFF. When written, specifies the ID of the last descriptor requested. The difference between the value read and the value written is the number of descriptors to be processed. For example, if the value reads 4, the last descriptor requested is 4. To specify 5 more descriptors, software should write a 9 into the RD_DMA_LAST_PTR register. The DMA executes 5 more descriptors. To have the read DMA record the done bit of every descriptor, program this register to transfer one descriptor at a time. The descriptor ID loops back to 0 after reaching RD_TABLE_SIZE. For example, if the RD_DMA_LAST_PTR value read is 126 and you want to execute three more descriptors, software must write 127, and then 1 into the RD_DMA_LAST_PTRregister. |
| 0x0014 | RD_TABLE_SIZE |
RW |
Specifies the size of the Read descriptor table. Set to the number of descriptors - 1. By default, RD_TABLE_SIZE is set to 127.This value specifies the last Descriptor ID. To change the RC Read Status and Descriptor Base (Low)base address, all descriptors specified by the RD_TABLE_SIZE must be exhausted. |
| 0x0018 | RD_CONTROL |
RW |
[31:1] Reserved. [0]Done. When set, the Descriptor Controller writes the Done bit for each descriptor in the status table. When not set the Descriptor Controller writes the Done for the final descriptor, as specified by RD_DMA_LAST_PTR. In both cases, the Descriptor Controller sends a MSI to the host after the completion of the last descriptor along with the status update for the last descriptor. |
Write DMA Descriptor Controller Registers
|
Address Offset |
Register |
Access |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
0x0100 |
RC Write Status and Descriptor Base (Low) |
R/W |
Specifies the lower 32-bits of the base address of the write status and descriptor table in the Root Complex memory. This address must be on a 32-byte boundary. Software must program this register after programming the upper 32-bit register at offset 0x104. To change the RC Write Status and Descriptor Base (Low) base address, all descriptors specified by the WR_TABLE_SIZE must be exhausted. |
|
0x0104 |
RC Write Status and Descriptor Base (High) |
R/W |
Specifies the upper 32-bits of the base address of the write status and descriptor table in the Root Complex memory. Software must program this register before programming the lower 32-bit register at offset 0x100. |
|
0x0108 |
EP Write Status and Descriptor FIFO Base (Low) |
RW |
Specifies the lower 32 bits of the base address of the write descriptor table in Endpoint memory. The Write Descriptor Controller requests descriptors from Root Complex memory and writes the descriptors to this location. The address is the Avalon-MM address of the Descriptor Controller's Write Descriptor Table Avalon-MM Slave Port as seen by the Read DMA Avalon-MM Master Port. Software must program this register after programming the upper 32-bit register at offset 0x10C. |
|
0x010C |
EP Write Status and Descriptor FIFO Base (High) |
RW |
Specifies the upper 32 bits of the base address of the write descriptor table in Endpoint memory. The read DMA fetches the table from Root Complex memory and writes the table to this location. Software must program this register before programming the lower 32-bit register at offset 0x108. |
|
0x0110 |
WR_DMA_LAST_PTR |
RW |
When read, returns the ID of the last descriptor requested. If no DMA request is outstanding or the DMA is in reset, returns a value 0xFF. When written, specifies the ID of the last descriptor requested. The difference between the value read and the value written is the number of descriptors to be processed. For example, if the value reads 4, the last descriptor requested is 4. To specify 5 more descriptors, software should write a 9 into the RD_DMA_LAST_PTR register. The DMA executes 5 more descriptors. To have the write DMA record the done bit of every descriptor, program this register to transfer one descriptor at a time. The Descriptor ID loops back to 0 after reaching WR_TABLE_SIZE. For example, if the WR_DMA_LAST_PTR value read is 126 and you want to execute three more descriptors, software must write 127, and then 1 into the WR_DMA_LAST_PTR register. |
| 0x0114 | WR_TABLE_SIZE |
RW |
Specifies the size of the Read descriptor table. Set to the number of descriptors - 1. By default, WR_TABLE_SIZE is set to 127. This value specifies the last Descriptor ID. To change the RC Write Status and Descriptor Base (Low) base address, all descriptors specified by the WR_TABLE_SIZE must be exhausted. |
| 0x0118 | WR_CONTROL |
RW |
[31:1] Reserved. [0]Done. When set, the Descriptor Controller writes the Done bit for each descriptor in the status table. The Descriptor Controller sends a single MSI interrupt after the final descriptor completes. When not set the Descriptor Controller generates Done for the final descriptor, as specified by WR_DMA_LAST_PTR. In both cases, the Descriptor Controller sends an MSI to the host after the completion of the last descriptor along with the status update for the last descriptor. |
Read DMA and Write DMA Descriptor Format
Read and write descriptors are stored in separate descriptor tables in PCIe® system memory. Each table can store up to 128 descriptors. Each descriptor is 8 DWORDs, or 32 bytes. The Read DMA and Write DMA descriptor tables start at a 0x200 byte offset from the addresses programmed into the Read Status and Descriptor Base and Write Status and Descriptor Base address registers.
Programming RD_DMA_LAST_PTR or WR_DMA_LAST_PTR registers triggers the Read or Write Descriptor Controller descriptor table fetch process. Consequently, writing these registers must be the last step in setting up DMA transfers.
|
Address Offset |
Register Name |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
0x00 |
RD_LOW_SRC_ADDR |
Lower DWORD of the read DMA source address. Specifies the address in PCIe® system memory from which the Read Data Mover fetches data. |
|
0x04 |
RD_HIGH_SRC_ADDR |
Upper DWORD of the read DMA source address. Specifies the address in PCIe® system memory from which the Read Data Mover fetches data. |
|
0x08 |
RD_CTRL_LOW_DEST_ADDR |
Lower DWORD of the read DMA destination address. Specifies the address in the Avalon-MM domain to which the Read Data Mover writes data. |
|
0x0C |
RD_CTRL_HIGH_DEST_ADDR |
Upper DWORD of the read DMA destination address. Specifies the address in the Avalon-MM domain to which the Read Data Mover writes data. |
| 0x10 | CONTROL | Specifies the following
information:
|
| 0x14 - 0x1C | Reserved | N/A |
|
Address Offset |
Register Name |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
0x00 |
WR_LOW_SRC_ADDR |
Lower DWORD of the write DMA source address. Specifies the address in the Avalon® MM domain from which the Write Data Mover fetches data. |
|
0x04 |
WR_HIGH_SRC_ADDR |
Upper DWORD of the write DMA source address. Specifies the address in the Avalon® MM domain from which the Write Data Mover fetches data. |
|
0x08 |
WR_CTRL_LOW_DEST_ADDR |
Lower DWORD of the Write Data Mover destination address. Specifies the address in PCIe® system memory to which the Write DMA writes data. |
|
0x0C |
WR_CTRL_HIGH_DEST_ADDR |
Upper DWORD of the write DMA destination address. Specifies the address in PCIe® system memory to which the Write Data Mover writes data. |
| 0x10 | CONTROL | Specifies the following
information:
|
| 0x14 - 0x1C | Reserved | N/A |
Read DMA Example
This example moves three data blocks from the system memory to the Avalon-MM address space. Host software running on an embedded CPU allocates the memory and creates the descriptor table in system memory.
This example uses the addresses in the Platform Designer design example, ep_g3x8_avmm256_integrated.qsys, available in the <install_dir>/ ip/altera/altera_pcie/altera_pcie_<dev>_ed/example_design/<dev> directory.
The following figures illustrate the location and size of the data blocks in the PCIe and Avalon-MM address spaces and the descriptor table format. In this example, the value of RD_TABLE_SIZE is 127.
Assume the descriptor table includes 128 entries. The status table precedes a variable number of descriptors in memory. The Read and Write Status and Descriptor Tables are at the address specified in the RC Read Descriptor Base Register and RC Write Descriptor Base Register, respectively.
Software Program for Simultaneous Read and Write DMA
Program the following steps to implement a simultaneous DMA transfer:
- An MSI interrupt is sent for each WD_DMA_LAST_PTR or RD_DMA_LAST_PTR that completes. These completions result in updates to the done status bits. Host software can then read status bits to determine which DMA operations are complete.
Control Register Access (CRA) Avalon-MM Slave Port
| Byte Offset |
Register |
Access |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14'h0000 | cfg_dev_ctrl[15:0] |
RO |
cfg_devctrl[15:0] is device control for the PCI Express capability structure. |
| 14'h0004 | cfg_dev_ctrl2[15:0] |
RO |
cfg_dev2ctrl[15:0] is device control 2 for the PCI Express capability structure. |
| 14'h0008 | cfg_link_ctrl[15:0] |
RO |
cfg_link_ctrl[15:0]is the primary Link Control of the PCI Express capability structure. For Gen2 or Gen3 operation, you must write a 1’b1 to Retrain Link bit (Bit[5] of the cfg_link_ctrl) of the Root Port to initiate retraining to a higher data rate after the initial link training to Gen1 L0 state. Retraining directs the LTSSM to the Recovery state. Retraining to a higher data rate is not automatic even if both devices on the link are capable of a higher data rate. |
| 14'h000C | cfg_link_ctrl2[15:0] |
RO |
cfg_link_ctrl2[31:16] is the secondary Link Control register of the PCI Express capability structure for Gen2 operation. For Gen1 variants, the link bandwidth notification bit is always set to 0.For Gen2 variants, this bit is set to 1. |
| 14'h0010 | cfg_prm_cmd[15:0] |
RO |
Base/Primary Command register for the PCI Configuration Space. |
| 14'h0014 | cfg_root_ctrl[7:0] |
RO |
Root control and status register of the PCI-Express capability. This register is only available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h0018 | cfg_sec_ctrl[15:0] |
RO |
Secondary bus Control and Status register of the PCI-Express capability. This register is only available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h001C | cfg_secbus[7:0] |
RO |
Secondary bus number. Available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h0020 | cfg_subbus[7:0] |
RO |
Subordinate bus number. Available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h0024 | cfg_msi_addr_low[31:0] |
RO |
cfg_msi_add[31:0] is the MSI message address. |
| 14'h0028 | cfg_msi_addr_hi[63:32] |
RO |
cfg_msi_add[63:32] is the MSI upper message address. |
| 14'h002C | cfg_io_bas[19:0] |
RO |
The IO base register of the Type1 Configuration Space. This register is only available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h0030 | cfg_io_lim[19:0] |
RO |
The IO limit register of the Type1 Configuration Space. This register is only available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h0034 | cfg_np_bas[11:0] |
RO |
The non-prefetchable memory base register of the Type1 Configuration Space. This register is only available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h0038 | cfg_np_lim[11:0] |
RO |
The non-prefetchable memory limit register of the Type1 Configuration Space. This register is only available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h003C | cfg_pr_bas_low[31:0] |
RO |
The lower 32 bits of the prefetchable base register of the Type1 Configuration Space. This register is only available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h0040 | cfg_pr_bas_hi[43:32] |
RO |
The upper 12 bits of the prefetchable base registers of the Type1 Configuration Space. This register is only available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h0044 | cfg_pr_lim_low[31:0] |
RO |
The lower 32 bits of the prefetchable limit registers of the Type1 Configuration Space. This register is only available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h0048 | cfg_pr_lim_hi[43:32] |
RO |
The upper 12 bits of the prefetchable limit registers of the Type1 Configuration Space. This register is only available in Root Port mode. |
| 14'h004C | cfg_pmcsr[31:0] |
RO |
cfg_pmcsr[31:16] is Power Management Control and cfg_pmcsr[15:0]is the Power Management Status register. |
| 14'h0050 | cfg_msixcsr[15:0] |
RO |
MSI-X message control register. |
| 14'h0054 | cfg_msicsr[15:0] |
RO |
MSI message control. |
| 14'h0058 | cfg_tcvcmap[23:0] |
RO |
Configuration traffic class (TC)/virtual channel (VC) mapping. The Application Layer uses this signal to generate a TLP mapped to the appropriate channel based on the traffic class of the packet. The following encodings are defined:
|
| 14'h005C | cfg_msi_data[15:0] |
RO |
cfg_msi_data[15:0] is message data for MSI. |
| 14'h0060 | cfg_busdev[12:0] |
RO |
Bus/Device Number captured by or programmed in the Hard IP. The following
fields are defined:
|
| 14'h0064 | ltssm_reg[4:0] |
RO |
Specifies the current LTSSM state. The LTSSM
state machine encoding defines the following states: :
|
| 14'h0068 | current_speed_reg[1:0] |
RO |
Indicates the current speed of the PCIe link. The following encodings are defined:
|
| 14'h006C | lane_act_reg[3:0] |
RO |
Lane Active Mode: This signal indicates the number of lanes that configured during link training. The following encodings are defined:
|
Reset and Clocks
Reset Sequence for Hard IP for PCI Express IP Core and Application Layer
This reset sequence includes the following steps:
- After pin_perst or npor is released, the Hard IP reset controller waits for pld_clk_inuse to be asserted.
- csrt and srst are released 32 cycles after pld_clk_inuse is asserted.
- The Hard IP for PCI Express deasserts the reset_status output to the Application Layer.
- The altpcied_<device>v_hwtcl.sv deasserts app_rstn 32 pld_clkcycles after reset_status is released.
The RX transceiver reset sequence includes the following steps:
- After rx_pll_locked is asserted, the LTSSM state machine transitions from the Detect.Quiet to the Detect.Active state.
- When the pipe_phystatus pulse is asserted and pipe_rxstatus[2:0] = 3, the receiver detect operation has completed.
- The LTSSM state machine transitions from the Detect.Active state to the Polling.Active state.
- The Hard IP for PCI Express asserts rx_digitalreset. The rx_digitalreset signal is deasserted after rx_signaldetect is stable for a minimum of 3 ms.
The TX transceiver reset sequence includes the following steps:
- After npor is deasserted, the IP core deasserts the npor_serdes input to the TX transceiver.
- The SERDES reset controller waits for pll_locked to be stable for a minimum of 127 pld_clk cycles before deasserting tx_digitalreset.
For descriptions of the available reset signals, refer to Reset Signals, Status, and Link Training Signals.
Clocks
The Hard IP contains a clock domain crossing (CDC) synchronizer at the interface between the PHY/MAC and the DLL layers. The synchronizer allows the Data Link and Transaction Layers to run at frequencies independent of the PHY/MAC. The CDC synchronizer provides more flexibility for the user clock interface. Depending on parameters you specify, the core selects the appropriate coreclkout_hip. You can use these parameters to enhance performance by running at a higher frequency for latency optimization or at a lower frequency to save power.
In accordance with the PCI Express Base Specification, you must provide a 100 MHz reference clock that is connected directly to the transceiver.
Clock Domains
As this figure indicates, the IP core includes the following clock domains:
coreclkout_hip
|
Link Width |
Max Link Rate |
Avalon Interface Width |
coreclkout_hip |
|---|---|---|---|
|
×8 |
Gen1 |
128 |
125 MHz |
|
×4 |
Gen2 |
128 |
125 MHz |
|
×8 |
Gen2 |
128 |
250 MHz |
|
×8 |
Gen2 |
256 |
125 MHz |
|
×2 |
Gen3 |
128 |
125 MHz |
|
×4 |
Gen3 |
128 |
250 MHz |
|
×4 |
Gen3 |
256 |
125 MHz |
|
×8 |
Gen3 |
256 |
250 MHz |
pld_clk
coreclkout_hip can drive the Application Layer clock along with the pld_clk input to the IP core. The pld_clk can optionally be sourced by a different clock than coreclkout_hip. The pld_clk minimum frequency cannot be lower than the coreclkout_hip frequency. Based on specific Application Layer constraints, a PLL can be used to derive the desired frequency.
Clock Summary
|
Name |
Frequency |
Clock Domain |
|---|---|---|
| coreclkout_hip |
62.5, 125 or 250 MHz |
Avalon‑ST interface between the Transaction and Application Layers. |
| pld_clk |
125 or 250 MHz |
Application and Transaction Layers. |
|
refclk |
100 MHz |
SERDES (transceiver). Dedicated free running input clock to the SERDES block. |
Error Handling
Each PCI Express compliant device must implement a basic level of error management and can optionally implement advanced error management. The IP core implements both basic and advanced error reporting. Error handling for a Root Port is more complex than that of an Endpoint.
|
Type |
Responsible Agent |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Correctable |
Hardware |
While correctable errors may affect system performance, data integrity is maintained. |
|
Uncorrectable, non-fatal |
Device software |
Uncorrectable, non-fatal errors are defined as errors in which data is lost, but system integrity is maintained. For example, the fabric may lose a particular TLP, but it still works without problems. |
|
Uncorrectable, fatal |
System software |
Errors generated by a loss of data and system failure are considered uncorrectable and fatal. Software must determine how to handle such errors: whether to reset the link or implement other means to minimize the problem. |
Physical Layer Errors
|
Error |
Type |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Receive port error |
Correctable |
This error has the following 3 potential causes:
|
Data Link Layer Errors
|
Error |
Type |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Bad TLP |
Correctable |
This error occurs when a LCRC verification fails or when a sequence number error occurs. |
|
Bad DLLP |
Correctable |
This error occurs when a CRC verification fails. |
|
Replay timer |
Correctable |
This error occurs when the replay timer times out. |
|
Replay num rollover |
Correctable |
This error occurs when the replay number rolls over. |
|
Data Link Layer protocol |
Uncorrectable(fatal) |
This error occurs when a sequence number specified by the Ack/Nak block in the Data Link Layer (AckNak_Seq_Num) does not correspond to an unacknowledged TLP. |
Transaction Layer Errors
|
Error |
Type |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Poisoned TLP received |
Uncorrectable (non-fatal) |
This error occurs if a received Transaction Layer packet has the EP poison bit set. The received TLP is passed to the Application Layer and the Application Layer logic must take appropriate action in response to the poisoned TLP. Refer to “2.7.2.2 Rules for Use of Data Poisoning” in the PCI Express Base Specification for more information about poisoned TLPs. |
|
ECRC check failed (1) |
Uncorrectable (non-fatal) |
This error is caused by an ECRC check failing despite the fact that the TLP is not malformed and the LCRC check is valid. The Hard IP block handles this TLP automatically. If the TLP is a non‑posted request, the Hard IP block generates a completion with completer abort status. In all cases the TLP is deleted in the Hard IP block and not presented to the Application Layer. |
|
Unsupported Request for Endpoints |
Uncorrectable (non-fatal) |
This error occurs whenever a component receives any of the following Unsupported Requests:
In all cases the TLP is deleted in the Hard IP block and not presented to the Application Layer. If the TLP is a non-posted request, the Hard IP block generates a completion with Unsupported Request status. |
|
Completion timeout |
Uncorrectable (non-fatal) |
This error occurs when a request originating from the Application Layer does not generate a corresponding completion TLP within the established time. It is the responsibility of the Application Layer logic to provide the completion timeout mechanism. The completion timeout should be reported from the Transaction Layer using the cpl_err[0] signal. |
|
Completer abort (1) |
Uncorrectable (non-fatal) |
The Application Layer reports this error using the cpl_err[2]signal when it aborts receipt of a TLP. |
|
Unexpected completion |
Uncorrectable (non-fatal) |
This error is caused by an unexpected completion transaction. The Hard IP block handles the following conditions:
In all of the above cases, the TLP is not presented to the Application Layer; the Hard IP block deletes it. The Application Layer can detect and report other unexpected completion conditions using the cpl_err[2] signal. For example, the Application Layer can report cases where the total length of the received successful completions do not match the original read request length. |
|
Receiver overflow (1) |
Uncorrectable (fatal) |
This error occurs when a component receives a TLP that violates the FC credits allocated for this type of TLP. In all cases the hard IP block deletes the TLP and it is not presented to the Application Layer. |
|
Flow control protocol error (FCPE) (1) |
Uncorrectable (fatal) |
This error occurs when a component does not receive update flow control credits with the 200 µs limit. |
|
Malformed TLP |
Uncorrectable (fatal) |
This error is caused by any of the following conditions:
The Hard IP block deletes the malformed TLP; it is not presented to the Application Layer. |
|
Note:
|
||
Error Reporting and Data Poisoning
How the Endpoint handles a particular error depends on the configuration registers of the device.
Refer to the PCI Express Base Specification 3.0 for a description of the device signaling and logging for an Endpoint.
The Hard IP block implements data poisoning, a mechanism for indicating that the data associated with a transaction is corrupted. Poisoned TLPs have the error/poisoned bit of the header set to 1 and observe the following rules:
- Received poisoned TLPs are sent to the Application Layer and status bits are automatically updated in the Configuration Space.
- Received poisoned Configuration Write TLPs are not written in the Configuration Space.
- The Configuration Space never generates a poisoned TLP; the error/poisoned bit of the header is always set to 0.
Poisoned TLPs can also set the parity error bits in the PCI Configuration Space Status register.
|
Status Bit |
Conditions |
|---|---|
|
Detected parity error (status register bit 15) |
Set when any received TLP is poisoned. |
|
Master data parity error (status register bit 8) |
This bit is set when the command register parity enable bit is set and one of the following conditions is true:
|
Poisoned packets received by the Hard IP block are passed to the Application Layer. Poisoned transmit TLPs are similarly sent to the link.
Uncorrectable and Correctable Error Status Bits
The following section is reprinted with the permission of PCI-SIG. Copyright 2010 PCI‑SIG.
PCI Express Protocol Stack
The Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Avalon-MM Hard IP for PCI Express implements the complete PCI Express protocol stack as defined in the PCI Express Base Specification. The protocol stack includes the following layers:
- Transaction Layer—The Transaction Layer contains the Configuration Space, which manages communication with the Application Layer, the RX and TX channels, the RX buffer, and flow control credits.
-
Data Link Layer—The Data Link Layer, located between the
Physical Layer and the Transaction Layer, manages packet transmission and maintains
data integrity at the link level. Specifically, the Data Link Layer performs the
following tasks:
- Manages transmission and reception of Data Link Layer Packets (DLLPs)
- Generates all transmission cyclical redundancy code (CRC) values and checks all CRCs during reception
- Manages the retry buffer and retry mechanism according to received ACK/NAK Data Link Layer packets
- Initializes the flow control mechanism for DLLPs and routes flow control credits to and from the Transaction Layer
- Physical Layer—The Physical Layer initializes the speed, lane numbering, and lane width of the PCI Express link according to packets received from the link and directives received from higher layers.
The following figure provides a high‑level block diagram.
|
Lanes |
Gen1 |
Gen2 |
Gen3 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
×2 |
N/A |
N/A |
125 MHz @ 128 bits |
|
×4 |
N/A |
125 MHz @ 128 bits |
250 MHz @ 128 bits or 125 MHz @ 256 bits |
|
×8 |
125 MHz @ 128 bits |
250 MHz @ 128 bits or 125 MHz @ 256 bits |
250 MHz @ 256 bits |
Top-Level Interfaces
Avalon-MM DMA Interface
An Avalon‑MM interface with DMA connects the Application Layer and the Transaction Layer. This interface includes high-performance, burst capable Read DMA and Write DMA modules. This variant is available for the following Endpoint configurations:
- Gen1 x8
- Gen2 x4, x8
- Gen3 x2, x4, x8
Clocks and Reset
The PCI Express Base Specification requires an input reference clock, which is called refclk in this design. The PCI Express Base Specification stipulates that the frequency of this clock be 100 MHz.
The PCI Express Base Specification also requires a system configuration time of 100 ms. To meet this specification, IP core includes an embedded hard reset controller. This reset controller exits the reset state after the periphery of the device is initialized.
Interrupts
The Hard IP for PCI Express offers the following interrupt mechanisms:
- Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI)— MSI uses the TLP single dword memory writes to to implement interrupts. This interrupt mechanism conserves pins because it does not use separate wires for interrupts. In addition, the single dword provides flexibility in data presented in the interrupt message. The MSI Capability structure is stored in the Configuration Space and is programmed using Configuration Space accesses.
- MSI-X—The Transaction Layer generates MSI-X messages which are single dword memory writes. The MSI-X Capability structure points to an MSI-X table structure and MSI-X PBA structure which are stored in memory. This scheme is in contrast to the MSI capability structure, which contains all of the control and status information for the interrupt vectors.
PIPE
The PIPE interface implements the Intel‑designed PIPE interface specification. You can use this parallel interface to speed simulation; however, you cannot use the PIPE interface in actual hardware.
- The simulation models support PIPE and serial simulation.
- For Gen3, the Intel BFM bypasses Gen3 Phase 2 and Phase 3 Equalization. However, Gen3 variants can perform Phase 2 and Phase 3 equalization if instructed by a third-party BFM.
Data Link Layer
The Data Link Layer is located between the Transaction Layer and the Physical Layer. It maintains packet integrity and communicates (by DLL packet transmission) at the PCI Express link level.
The DLL implements the following functions:
- Link management through the
reception and transmission of DLL packets (DLLP), which are used for the
following functions:
- Power management of DLLP reception and transmission
- To transmit and receive ACK/NAK packets
- Data integrity through generation and checking of CRCs for TLPs and DLLPs
- TLP retransmission in case of NAK DLLP reception or replay timeout, using the retry (replay) buffer
- Management of the retry buffer
- Link retraining requests in case of error through the Link Training and Status State Machine (LTSSM) of the Physical Layer
The DLL has the following sub-blocks:
- Data Link Control and Management State Machine—This state machine connects to both the Physical Layer’s LTSSM state machine and the Transaction Layer. It initializes the link and flow control credits and reports status to the Transaction Layer.
- Power Management—This function handles the handshake to enter low power mode. Such a transition is based on register values in the Configuration Space and received Power Management (PM) DLLPs. None of Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Hard IP for PCIe IP core variants support low power modes.
- Data Link Layer Packet Generator and Checker—This block is associated with the DLLP’s 16-bit CRC and maintains the integrity of transmitted packets.
- Transaction Layer Packet Generator—This block generates transmit packets, including a sequence number and a 32-bit Link CRC (LCRC). The packets are also sent to the retry buffer for internal storage. In retry mode, the TLP generator receives the packets from the retry buffer and generates the CRC for the transmit packet.
- Retry Buffer—The retry buffer stores TLPs and retransmits all unacknowledged packets in the case of NAK DLLP reception. In case of ACK DLLP reception, the retry buffer discards all acknowledged packets.
- ACK/NAK Packets—The ACK/NAK block handles ACK/NAK DLLPs and generates the sequence number of transmitted packets.
- Transaction Layer Packet Checker—This block checks the integrity of the received TLP and generates a request for transmission of an ACK/NAK DLLP.
- TX Arbitration—This block
arbitrates transactions, prioritizing in the following order:
- Initialize FC Data Link Layer packet
- ACK/NAK DLLP (high priority)
- Update FC DLLP (high priority)
- PM DLLP
- Retry buffer TLP
- TLP
- Update FC DLLP (low priority)
- ACK/NAK FC DLLP (low priority)
Physical Layer
The Physical Layer is the lowest level of the PCI Express protocol stack. It is the layer closest to the serial link. It encodes and transmits packets across a link and accepts and decodes received packets. The Physical Layer connects to the link through a high‑speed SERDES interface running at 2.5 Gbps for Gen1 implementations, at 2.5 or 5.0 Gbps for Gen2 implementations, and at 2.5, 5.0 or 8.0 Gbps for Gen3 implementations.
The Physical Layer is responsible for the following actions:
- Training the link
- Scrambling/descrambling and 8B/10B encoding/decoding for 2.5 Gbps (Gen1), 5.0 Gbps (Gen2), or 128b/130b encoding/decoding of 8.0 Gbps (Gen3) per lane
- Scrambling/descrambling and 8B/10B encoding/decoding for 2.5 Gbps (Gen1) and 5.0 Gbps (Gen2) per lane
- Serializing and deserializing data
- Equalization (Gen3)
- Operating the PIPE 3.0 Interface
- Implementing auto speed negotiation (Gen2 and Gen3)
- Implementing auto speed negotiation (Gen2)
- Transmitting and decoding the training sequence
- Providing hardware autonomous speed control
- Implementing auto lane reversal
PHY Layer—The PHY layer includes the 8B/10B encode and decode functions for Gen1 and Gen2. The PHY also includes elastic buffering and serialization/deserialization functions.
The Physical Layer is subdivided by the PIPE Interface Specification into two layers (bracketed horizontally in above figure):
- PHYMAC—The MAC layer includes the LTSSM and the scrambling/descrambling. byte reordering, and multilane deskew functions.
- Media Access Controller (MAC) Layer—The MAC layer includes the LTSSM and the scrambling and descrambling and multilane deskew functions.
- PHY Layer—The PHY layer includes the 8B/10B encode and decode functions for Gen1 and Gen2. It includes 128b/130b encode and decode functions for Gen3. The PHY also includes elastic buffering and serialization/deserialization functions.
- PHY Layer—The PHY layer includes the 8B/10B encode and decode functions for Gen1 and Gen2. The PHY also includes elastic buffering and serialization/deserialization functions.
The PHYMAC block comprises four main sub-blocks:
- MAC Lane—Both the RX and
the TX path use this block.
- On the RX side, the block decodes the Physical Layer packet and reports to the LTSSM the type and number of TS1/TS2 ordered sets received.
- On the TX side, the block multiplexes data from the DLL and the Ordered Set and SKP sub-block (LTSTX). It also adds lane specific information, including the lane number and the force PAD value when the LTSSM disables the lane during initialization.
- LTSSM—This block implements the LTSSM and logic that tracks TX and RX training sequences on each lane.
- For transmission, it
interacts with each MAC lane sub-block and with the LTSTX sub-block by asserting
both global and per-lane control bits to generate specific Physical Layer packets.
- On the receive path, it receives the Physical Layer packets reported by each MAC lane sub-block. It also enables the multilane deskew block. This block reports the Physical Layer status to higher layers.
- LTSTX (Ordered Set and SKP Generation)—This sub-block generates the Physical Layer packet. It receives control signals from the LTSSM block and generates Physical Layer packet for each lane. It generates the same Physical Layer Packet for all lanes and PAD symbols for the link or lane number in the corresponding TS1/TS2 fields. The block also handles the receiver detection operation to the PCS sub-layer by asserting predefined PIPE signals and waiting for the result. It also generates a SKP Ordered Set at every predefined timeslot and interacts with the TX alignment block to prevent the insertion of a SKP Ordered Set in the middle of packet.
- Deskew—This sub-block performs the multilane deskew function and the RX alignment between the initialized lanes and the datapath. The multilane deskew implements an eight-word FIFO buffer for each lane to store symbols. Each symbol includes eight data bits, one disparity bit, and one control bit. The FIFO discards the FTS, COM, and SKP symbols and replaces PAD and IDL with D0.0 data. When all eight FIFOs contain data, a read can occur. When the multilane lane deskew block is first enabled, each FIFO begins writing after the first COM is detected. If all lanes have not detected a COM symbol after seven clock cycles, they are reset and the resynchronization process restarts, or else the RX alignment function recreates a 64-bit data word which is sent to the DLL.
Intel Arria 10 or Intel Cyclone 10 GX Avalon-MM DMA for PCI Express
The Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Avalon-MM DMA for PCI Express IP Core includes highly efficient Read DMA, Write DMA, and DMA Descriptor Controller modules. The typical throughput for hardware systems using a 256-bit interface to the Application Layer is 6 GB/sec or higher. For hardware systems using a 128-bit interface to the Application Layer the throughput scales proportionately to 3 GB/sec.
Using a 64-byte payload, the maximum theoretical throughput is far less due to the increased proportion of the bandwidth taken by the TLP headers. The throughput for back-to-back TX memory write completions, RX read completions, and simultaneous reads and writes is 2 GB/sec.
Understanding the Internal DMA Descriptor Controller
This design uses BAR0 and BAR1 to create a 64-bit address to access the DMA Descriptor Controller. These BARs cannot connect to any other interface. If BAR0 must access a different interface, you must use an external DMA descriptor controller. Intel recommends that you select the internal DMA Descriptor Controller if you do not plan to modify this component.
The high-performance BAR2 or BAR2 and BAR3 for 64-bit addresses is available to receive data for other high performance functions.
Understanding the External DMA Descriptor Controller
- To implement multi-channel operation
- To implement the descriptors as a linked list or to implement a custom DMA programming model
- To store descriptors in a local memory, instead of system (host-side) memory
To interface to the DMA logic included in this variant, the custom DMA descriptor controller must implement the following functions:
- It must communicate with the Write Mover and Read Mover to copy the descriptor table to local memory.
- The Write Mover and Read Mover must execute the descriptors stored in local memory.
- The DMA Avalon-MM write (WrDCM_Master) and read (RdDCM_Master) masters must be able to update status to the TX slave (TXS).
The DMA modules shown in the block diagram implements the following functionality:
- Read DMA (Read Mover and dma_rd_master) –Transfers data from the host domain to the local domain. It sends Memory Read TLPs upstream and writes the completion data to external Avalon-MM components using its own high performance master port. It follows the PCI Express Base Specification rules concerning tags, flow control credits, read completion boundary, maximum read size, and 4 KB boundaries.
- Write DMA (Write Mover and dma_wr_master) – Transfers data from the local domain to the host domain. It reads data from an Avalon-MM slave component using its own high performance master port. It sends data upstream using Memory Write TLPs. It follows the PCI Express Base Specification rules concerning tags, flow control credits, RX buffer completion rules, maximum payload size, and 4 KB boundaries.
- DMA Descriptor Controller–Manages read and write DMA operations. Host software programs its internal registers with the location of the descriptor table residing in the PCI Express system memory. The descriptor control logic directs the DMA read logic to copy the entire table to the local FIFO. It then fetches the table entries from the FIFO one at a time. It directs the appropriate DMA to transfer the data between the local and host domains. It also sends DMA status upstream via the TX slave single dword port (TXS). For more information about the DMA Descriptor Controller registers, refer to DMA Descriptor Controller Registers.
- RX Master (PCIe BAR0-1) –Allows the host to program internal registers of the DMA Descriptor Controller.
- TX Slave (TXS) – The DMA Descriptor Controller reports status on each read and write descriptor to this Avalon-MM slave. It also uses this port to send MSI requests.
Design Implementation
Making Pin Assignments to Assign I/O Standard to Serial Data Pins
- Select the appropriate standard from the following table.
Recommended Reset Sequence to Avoid Link Training Issues
Successful link training can only occur after the FPGA is configured. Designs using CvP for configuration initially load the I/O ring and periphery image. Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX devices include a Nios II Hard Calibration IP core that automatically calibrates the transceivers to optimize signal quality after CvP completes and before entering user mode. Link training occurs after calibration. Refer to Reset Sequence for Hard IP for PCI Express IP Core and Application Layer for a description of the key signals that reset, control dynamic reconfiguration, and link training.
SDC Timing Constraints
Your top-level Synopsys Design Constraints file (.sdc) must include the following timing constraint macro for the Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Hard IP for PCIe IP core.
SDC Timing Constraints Required for the Intel® Arria® 10 or Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX Hard IP for PCIe and Design Example
# Constraints required for the Hard IP for PCI Express # derive_pll_clock is used to calculate all clock derived # from PCIe refclk. It must be applied once across all # of the SDC files used in a project derive_pll_clocks -create_base_clocks
You should only include this constraint in one location across all of the SDC files in your project. Differences between Fitter timing analysis and Timing Analyzer timing analysis arise if these constraints are applied multiple times.
Warnings Encountered When Using Narrow Avalon-MM Interfaces
When the Read and Write Avalon® -MM interfaces used by the Descriptor Controller Slave are 256-bit, but the Read DMA Data Master's Avalon® -MM interface is narrower than 256-bit (for example, this interface is 128-bit in the Gen2x4 configuration), the Intel® Arria® 10 Avalon® -MM DMA PCIe example design creates these two warnings:
Warning: pcie_example_design.DUT.dma_rd_master/DUT.rd_dts_slave: Master DUT.dma_rd_master cannot safely write to slave DUT.rd_dts_slave, because the master data width is narrower than the slave data width. Add byteenable support to the slave to support safe writes from a narrow master.
Warning: pcie_example_design.DUT.dma_rd_master/DUT.wr_dts_slave: Master DUT.dma_rd_master cannot safely write to slave DUT.wr_dts_slave, because the master data width is narrower than the slave data width. Add byteenable support to the slave to support safe writes from a narrow master.
The absence of byte enable support in the DTS interfaces does not cause any functional issue for the 128-bit DMA core. The controller always requests an even number of 128-bit words to the host. When completion data returns, the Platform Designer fabric combines the low and high 128-bit data forming 256 bits of data before sending it to the Descriptor Table Slave (DTS). Therefore, using byte enable masking is not needed for this application. These warnings can be safely ignored.
Transaction Layer Packet (TLP) Header Formats
The following sections show the TLP header formats for TLPs without a data payload, and for those with a data payload.
TLP Packet Formats without Data Payload
The following figures show the header format for TLPs without a data payload.
TLP Packet Formats with Data Payload
Intel Arria 10 or Intel Cyclone 10 GX Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide Archive
| IP Core Version | User Guide |
|---|---|
| 17.0 | Intel® Arria® 10 Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide |
| 16.1.1 | Intel® Arria® 10 Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide |
| 16.1 | Intel® Arria® 10 Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide |
| 16.0 | Intel® Arria® 10 Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide |
| 15.1 | Intel® Arria® 10 Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide |
| 15.0 | Intel® Arria® 10 Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide |
| 14.1 | Intel® Arria® 10 Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide |
Document Revision History
Document Revision History for the Intel Arria 10 or Intel Cyclone 10 GX Avalon -MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide
|
Date |
Version |
Changes Made |
|---|---|---|
| 2018.06.15 | 18.0.1 |
Added note that Flush reads are not supported when burst mode for BAR2 is enabled. Updated the list of configurations supported by the Avalon-MM and Avalon-MM with DMA variants. |
| 2018.05.07 | 18.0 |
Changed all references to Intel® Cyclone® 10 to Intel® Cyclone® 10 GX. |
| 2017.10.06 | 17.1 | Made the following change to the
user guide:
|
| 2017.05.26 | 17.0 | Made the following changes to the
user guide:
|
| 2017.05.08 | 17.0 |
Made the following changes to the IP core:
|
| 2017.03.15 | 16.1.1 | Made the following changes:
|
| 2016.10.28 | 16.1 | Made the following to the IP core
changes:
Made the following changes to the user guide:
|
| 2016.05.02 | 16.0 |
Redesigned the 128-bit interface to the Application Layer resulting in consistently high throughput, for both on-chip and external memory. In the Getting Started with the Avalon-MM DMA Endpoint chapter, changed the instructions to use specify the 10AX115S2F45I1SG device which is used on the Intel® Arria® 10 GX FPGA Development Kit - Production (not ES2) Edition. Added support for Intel FPGA IP Evaluation Mode in the Quartus® Prime Pro Edition software. Added simulation support for Gen3 PIPE mode using the ModelSim, VCS, and NCSim simulators. Added automatic generation of basic Signal Tap Logic Analyzer files to facilitate debugging. Revised discussion of the DMA Descriptor Controller in the Avalon-MM with DMA IP Core Architecture. Revised Read DMA Example to reflect current maximum transfer size of 64 KB for 256-bit interface. The example now corresponds to an example design provided in the <install_dir> Updated figures in Physical Layout of Hard IP in Intel® Arria® 10 Devices to include more detail about transceiver banks and channel restrictions. Added Vendor Specific Extended Capability (VSEC) Revision and User Device or Board Type ID register from the Vendor Specific Extended Capability: to the VSEC tab of the component GUI. Removed Intel® Arria® 10 PCI Express Quick Start Guide chapter. This chapter does not provide DMA functionality. Corrected description of Write Descriptor Table Avalon-MM Slave Port. Added Vendor Specific Extended Capability (VSEC) parameter descriptions which were missing from previous versions. Added transceiver bank usage placement restrictions for Gen3 ES3 devices. Removed support for -3 speed grade devices. Added appendix listing previous versions of this user guide. Corrected minor errors and typos. |
| 2015.11.02 | 15.1 | Made the following changes:
|
| 2015.06.05 | 15.0 | Added note inPhysical Layout of Hard IP in Intel® Arria® 10 Devices to explain Intel® Arria® 10 design constraint that requires that if the lower HIP on one side of the device is configured with a Gen3 x4 or Gen3 x8 IP core, and the upper HIP on the same side of the device is also configured with a Gen3 IP core, then the upper HIP must be configured with a x4 or x8 IP core. |
| 2015.05.14 | 15.0 | Made
the following changes to the user guide:
|
| 2015.05.04 | 15.0 |
|
| 2014.12.15 | 14.1 | Made the following changes to the
Intel®
Arria® 10 user guide:
|
| 2014.08.18 | 13.1 Intel® Arria® 10 |
Made the following changes to the Intel® Arria® 10 Avalon-MM DMA for PCI Express IP core:
Made the following changes to the user guide:
|
| 2013.12.02 | 13.1 Intel® Arria® 10 |
Initial release. |