External Memory Interface Handbook Volume 3: Reference Material: For UniPHY-based Device Families

ID 683841
Date 3/06/2023
Public
Document Table of Contents

1.17.2. Calibration Stages

The calibration process begins when the PHY reset signal deasserts and the PLL and DLL lock.

The following stages of calibration take place:

  1. Read calibration part one—DQS enable calibration (only for DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM Controllers with UniPHY) and DQ/DQS centering
  2. Write calibration part one—Leveling
  3. Write calibration part two—DQ/DQS centering
  4. Read calibration part two—Read latency minimization
Note: For multirank calibration, the sequencer transmits every read and write command to each rank in sequence. Each read and write test is successful only if all ranks pass the test. The sequencer calibrates to the intersection of all ranks.

The calibration process assumes the following conditions; if either of these conditions is not true, calibration likely fails in its early stages:

  • The address and command paths must be functional; calibration does not tune the address and command paths. (The Quartus Prime software fully analyzes the timing for the address and command paths, and the slack report is accurate, assuming the correct board timing parameters.)
  • At least one bit per group must work before running per-bit-deskew calibration. (This assumption requires that DQ-to-DQS skews be within the recommended 20 ps.)