Tutorial: Using Auto Vectorization with Intel® Fortran Compiler

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ID 758497
Date 4/11/2022
Public
Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
Tutorial: Using Auto Vectorization Overview
Tutorial: Using Auto Vectorization Overview x
Introduction to Auto Vectorization Tutorial: Linux* and macOS* Tutorial: Windows* Version Additional Exercises Notices and Disclaimers
Tutorial: Linux* and macOS* x
Preparing the Sample Application Establishing a Performance Baseline Generating a Vectorization Report Improving Performance by Aligning Data Improving Performance with Interprocedural Optimization
Tutorial: Windows* Version x
Preparing the Sample Application Establishing a Performance Baseline Generating a Vectorization Report Improving Performance by Aligning Data Improving Performance with Interprocedural Optimization
Tutorial: Using Auto Vectorization Overview

Improving Performance by Aligning Data

The vectorizer can generate faster code when operating on aligned data. In this activity you will improve the vectorizer performance by aligning the arrays a, b, and c in driver.f90 on a 16-byte boundary so the vectorizer can use aligned load instructions for all arrays rather than the slower unaligned load instructions and can avoid runtime tests of alignment. Using the ALIGNED macro will insert an alignment directive for a, b, and c in driver.f90 with the following syntax:

!dir$attributes align : 16 :: a,b,c

This instructs the compiler to create arrays that it are aligned on a 16-byte boundary, which should facilitate the use of SSE aligned load instructions.

In addition, the column height of the matrix a needs to be padded out to be a multiple of 16 bytes, so that each individual column of a maintains the same 16-byte alignment. In practice, maintaining a constant alignment between columns is much more important than aligning the start of the arrays.

To derive the maximum benefit from this alignment, we also need to tell the vectorizer it can safely assume that the arrays in matvec.f90 are aligned by using the directive

!dir$ vector aligned

NOTE:

If you use !dir$ vector aligned, you must be sure that all the arrays or subarrays in the loop are 16-byte aligned. Otherwise, you may get a runtime error. Aligning data may still give a performance benefit even if !dir$ vector aligned is not used. See the code under the ALIGNED macro in matvec.f90

If your compilation targets the Intel® AVX instruction set, you should try to align data on a 32-byte boundary. This may result in improved performance. In this case, !dir$ vector aligned advises the compiler that the data is 32-byte aligned.

Rebuild the program after adding the ALIGNED preprocessor definition to ensure consistently aligned data:

Fortran > Preprocessor > Preprocessor Definitions

Rebuild your project. The report will now reflect aligned access.

Parent topic: Tutorial: Windows* Version
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