[1] Creasy, R.J., "The Origin of the VM/370 Time-Sharing System," IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 25, no. 5, p. 483.

[2] Uhlig, R.; Neiger, G.; Rodgers, D.; Santoni, A.; Martins, F.; Anderson, A.; Bennett, S.; Kagi, A.; Leung, F.; and Smith, L., "Intel® Virtualization Technology," Computer, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 48–56.

[3] IDC. Server Virtualization 2005, June 2005, pp. 1–96.

[4] Parthasarathy Ranganathan and Norman Jouppi, "Enterprise IT Trends and Implications for Architectural Research (2005)," in Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA-11 2005), at http://www.hpcaconf.org/hpca11/papers/
24_x_ranganathan-enterpriseittrends.pdf*

[5] VMware Whitepaper (2005), Timekeeping in VMware VMs, at http://www.vmware.com/pdf/vmware_timekeeping.pdf*

[6] Greenfield, Mike; Rayhona, Paul; and Bhandarkar, Dileep, "SPEC adopts new methodology for measuring system throughput. SPEC Newsletter," 2 (2), Spring 1990.

[7] Green, Diane (2006), Web Blog at http://www.vmware.com/vmtn/blog/diane/* advocating consistency and ease of making performance comparisons.