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An IEEE* 802.11 wireless network utilizes 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz radio waves to carry digital information. Users can communicate with each other by two unique means: Infrastructure Mode and Ad Hoc (Device-to-Device) Mode. Let us discuss each briefly.
Infrastructure Mode
Users wirelessly connect their mobile client devices to an access point (AP) or broadband wireless router. A home or small-office network typically uses a broadband wireless router connected to the Internet, via a DSL, cable or other type modem, through an Internet Service Provider (ISP). Profiles are then created on clients to match settings on the router. These clients are able to move about (roam) freely without being tethered to a network cable. Corporate environments employ APs in a similar manner but security and other logistics are more complex.
Ad Hoc (Device-to-Device) Mode
Users wirelessly communicate with other mobile client devices without employing a central control device (e.g. Access Point or wireless router). Every device has the same capabilities and anyone can initiate a communication session. Such a temporary setup might be configured for peers in a small office setting or several friends collaborating on a school project in a study group.
Basic Components
Access Point: Stand-alone wireless hub that allows any computer that has a wireless network adapter to communicate with another computer and to connect to the Internet. This device is typically used in an enterprise or corporate environment with a large number of users.
Ad Hoc Network: A communication configuration in which every computer has the same capabilities, and any computer can initiate a communication session. Also known as a peer-to-peer or computer-to-computer network.
Broadband Wireless Router: Stand-alone wireless hub that allows any computer that has a wireless network adapter to communicate with another computer and to connect to the Internet. This device is typically used in a home or small-office environment with a relatively small number of users.
Client Computer: The computer that obtains its Internet connection by sharing either the host computer's connection or the AP/router's connection.
Infrastructure Network: Wireless network centered around an access point (AP) or broadband wireless router. In this environment, the AP not only provides communication with the wired network, but also mediates wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood.
Internet Service Provider (ISP): Subscribers obtain access to the Internet from their homes, small businesses or corporate networks by paying these providers for service.
Modem: DSL, cable or other hardware types connected to both the AP/router and external line leading to an Internet Service Provider.
Wireless Network Adapter: Hardware device on client devices consisting of a radio and antenna(s) used for transmitting and receiving wireless frames. Antennas may also be integrated into the client device itself. The adapter contains additional components to enable wireless communication, and it may be embedded in the client or an external PCMCIA card.
This applies to:
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